Chromatographic studies on plant viruses III. The purification of potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco mosaic virus and potato stem mottle virus by chromatography on cellulose columns with polyethylene glycol-containing solutions as solvents

Venekamp, J. H.; Mosch, W. H. M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(64)90262-4

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For CVB filtration through a column of granulated agar was applied (Ackers and Steere, 1967). In preliminary experiments, E207 has also been purified by differential centrifugation followed by rate-zonal centrifugation in a swing-out rotor or by centrifngation through 20~ sucrose, and by chromatography according to Venekamp and Mosch (1964).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biologically highly deviating strain of red clover vein mosaic virus, usually latent in pea (Pisum sativum), and its differentiation from pea streak virus

Bos¹,

Maat²,

Markov³

1972

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

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From pea plants (Pisum sativum) with necrotic stem streaking a virus (E207) was isolated and readily transmitted by sap to all 30 pea cuttivars tested. In most of these infection was latent. Trijolium inearnatum, T.repens and Vicia faba sometimes reacted with systemic symptoms. Local lesions were rarely formed in two Chenopodium spp., Phaseolus vulgaris and V.Jaba and more often in (7. album, C. amaranticolor, C. quinoa and Gomphrena globosa. The other 6 hosts of the 32 plant species tested in total did not produce symptoms.Pea 'Koroza' and V.faba 'Compacta' reacted differentially to the virus and to two strains of red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV: RK31 and P42) and to Wisconsin pea streak virus (WPSV) used for comparison.Its ageing in vitro was 3-5 days, thermal inactivation point 60-65 ~ and dilution end-point 103-j04.The virus was inefficiently transmitted in the non-persistent manner by Acyrthosiphon pisum and Aphis fabae.In cross-protection tests the virus was found to be closely related to the two strains of RCVMV, but not to WPSV. The latter two viruses proved to be distantly related.The four virus isolates were purified from pea by clarification with diethyl ether and carbon tetrachloride, followed by differential cemrifugation and sucrose-gradient centrifugation in a zonal rotor. Sedimentation coefficients were 156 for E207, 159 for RCVMV-RK31, 163 for RCVMV-P42 and 160 for WPSV. E207 and WPSV were more stable than RK31 and P42.Serologically E207 could not be distinguished from both strains of RCVMV, whereas it differed considerably from WPSV, potato virus S and chrysanthemum virus B.In crude sap of pea plants, E207 and WPSV occurred in extremely high concentration and could be rapidly diagnosed with the electron microscope. They could easily be distinguished in particle tength (circa 670 and 630 rim, respectively), even in mixed preparations. RK31 and P42 occurred in much lower concentrations, but were indistinguishable from E207 in particle lengths.It is concluded that E207 is a new highly deviating strain of RCVMV. The results obtained here further support the distinction between the red clover vein mosaic virus and pea streak virus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biologically highly deviating strain of red clover vein mosaic virus, usually latent in pea (Pisum sativum), and its differentiation from pea streak virus

Bos¹,

Maat²,

Markov³

1972

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

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“…These methods involve chemical or photometric detection which gives weight average distributions emphasizing larger particles. The polydisperse nature of PVX virus solutions was noted in these studies and in electron microscope studies but was not investigated (3,10,21,25,41).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Journal articles from 1946 (39) and throughout the 1960s (3,10,21,25,40,41) contain electron micrographs of PVX which show at least four different particle sizes, but the authors appear to have regarded them as fragmentation artifacts. I measured the rod lengths of PVX particles in electron micrographs published by Levin (25) and Venekamp and Mosch (41). Clusters occur at 515, 298, 245, 177, 145, 115, and 70 nm in ratios of 7:5:6:3:7:2:5 and 3:5:3:3:10:9:2, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipartite nature of potato virus X

Price

1993

J Virol

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Potato virus X (PVX) was among the first viruses to be purified. Nonetheless, properties of the purified virus remain contentious. The literature has been heavily influenced by the concept of a virus as a monopartite entity. Despite the fact that electron micrographs invariably show large proportions of shorter virus particles, the latter are universally ignored. Seven distinct classes of particle lengths were detected. Seven RNA species of approximate sizes 6.4, 3.6, 3.0, 2.1, 1.8, 1.4, and 0.9 kb were extracted from these purified virus preparations. This study shows clearly that shorter PVX particles are not breakage products and indicates that they may reflect fundamental properties of the genome strategy. Furthermore, other potexviruses have been found to contain many shorter particles, and the level of these particles is stable during purification. PVX is generally

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“…Mass production of the mutant has been made possible by recent modifications in the column chromatographic method of virus purification as developed by Venekamp and Mosch (1964). The simplifications include the use of leaf sap clarified by lowspeed centrifugation ahd a column of cellulose powder mixed with coarsely ground filter paper held in a plastic container (Venekamp and Mosch, in preparation).…”

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confidence: 99%

M II-16, an artificial symptomless mutant of tobacco mosaic virus for seedling inoculation of tomato crops

Rast

1972

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

111

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Accepted 17November 1971Broadbent (1964)suggested deliberate inoculation of tomato seedlings as a cultural method to minimize losses in yield and fruit quality by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Satisfactory experimental results were obtained with common tomato strains of TMV as inoculum, particularly when combined with an advance in sowing date (Fletcher, 1968;Rast, 1969). A further improvement of the method has been achieved by the use of attenuated strains isolated from infected plants after prolonged periods of heat treatment (Paludan, 1968;Komochi et al., 1966).The present author tried to obtain mild strains by nitrous acid treatment of undiluted sap from leaves containing a common strain of TMV (cf. Mundry and Gierer, 1958). Samples of treated sap were then inoculated to Nicotiana glutinosa leaves and the resulting lesions transferred singly for multiplication to one tomato seedling and one young tobacco plant of the variety 'Samsun nn.'. One of the isolates (code number M-II-16) obtained after a treatment of 45 minutes caused no visible leaf symptoms on both host plants, which were proved to contain TMV by essay on 'Xanthi nc.'. Since the original TMV strain caused normal mosaic symptoms it seemed logical to assume that the isolate represented a mutant.In cross-protection tests the symptomless mutant protected tomato plants against infection by the distorting and yellow strains of TMV as well as the parent strain, provided these were inoculated at least ten days later. A challenge inoculation with the yellow or aucuba strain was afterwards profitably used to assess the infection rate of mass-inoculation techniques.The mutant was first introduced into commercial practice in the fall of 1969. Observations on fruit set were made periodically on 54 holdings with early winter crops where a total of 64 blocks of two plots each had been laid out. Plants inoculated with the mutant were grown in one plot and compared with plants in another plot that were not deliberately inoculated and served as controls. Higher numbers of set fruits were counted on the inoculated plants in 38 blocks where the control plants suffered badly from a natural infection with a common strain of TMV. In 8 blocks adverse weather conditions in spring caused the inoculated plants in particular to shed flowers excessively resulting in a lower number of fruits as compared to the control plants. Again in ~Stationed at the Glasshouse Crops Research and Experiment Station, Naaldwijk, the Netherlands. 110

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Chromatographic studies on plant viruses III. The purification of potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco mosaic virus and potato stem mottle virus by chromatography on cellulose columns with polyethylene glycol-containing solutions as solvents

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

A biologically highly deviating strain of red clover vein mosaic virus, usually latent in pea (Pisum sativum), and its differentiation from pea streak virus

A biologically highly deviating strain of red clover vein mosaic virus, usually latent in pea (Pisum sativum), and its differentiation from pea streak virus

Multipartite nature of potato virus X

M II-16, an artificial symptomless mutant of tobacco mosaic virus for seedling inoculation of tomato crops

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