Chromatographic Investigations of Smokeless Powder. Derivatives of Centralite Formed in Double-Base Powders During Accelerated Aging.

Schroeder, Werner; Wilson, Maria K.; Green, Charlotte; Wilcox, Philip E.; Mills, Rene S.; Trueblood, K. N.

doi:10.1021/ie50483a038

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Stabilisers have a finite vapour pressure at room temperature and are slowly lost via sublimation, resulting in an unintended loss. Such loss of stabilisers has previously been reported (Schroeder et al, 1950;Lindblom, 2002). Schroeder reported that after the stabiliser was consumed, only 60% of it was retrieved as derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Fabrication and characterisation of 2NDPA-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres for explosive safety

Shorty

Singh

Jebrail

et al. 2012

Journal of Microencapsulation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We demonstrate the microencapsulation of a double-base (DB) rocket propellant stabiliser, 2-nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDPA), that can potentially increase the shelf life of DB rocket propellants. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres loaded with 2-NDPA were prepared using the oil-in-water emulsion technique. The microsphere size was found to be inversely related to the mixing rate. It was also found that a higher theoretical loading of 2-NDPA resulted in larger microspheres. In addition, a Rosin Rammler distribution function gave an accurate representation of the microsphere size distribution, and the release rate 2-NDPA from PLG microspheres was found to be size dependent. We show that parameters such as the stirring speed and the percent loading of 2-NDPA can be varied to tailor the release of 2-NDPA from PLG microspheres. In addition, we have shown that temperature has a dramatic effect on the release of 2-NDPA from PLG microcapsules.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Fabrication and characterisation of 2NDPA-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres for explosive safety

Shorty

Singh

Jebrail

et al. 2012

Journal of Microencapsulation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Detailed analyses of the aged propellants are given in Tables 4-7. No 2,4,4'-trinitro E C was detected, though had the propellant been hcated for more time, some would presumably have been formed (7). The identities of the peaks were verified by consideration of the elution times, by addition of small amounts of authentic material to the solvent extracts and by examining the chromatograms monitored at 320 nm and 360 nm besides the usual 254 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For M 9 propellant aged at 80 "C, the ratio of 4-nitro EC to 2-nitro E C was about 8 to 1. whilst 4.4'-dinitro E C was favoured over the 2,4' isomer by a factor of about 5. This implies an overwhelming preference of about 90% for para EC 4 (a) 7 (a) 14 (a) 21 (a) 28 (a…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivatives of Ethyl Centralite in Australian gun propellants

Curtis

Berry

1989

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the analysis of ethyl centralite (EC) and its derivatives found in Australian gun propellants. The following derivatives were detected at > 0.05% level: 2‐nitro EC, 4‐nitro EC. 2,4′‐dinitro EC, 4,4′‐dinitro EC, N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosoaniline and N‐ethyl‐4‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoaniline. Several minor derivatives were also identified. The ratio of monoaromatic to urea products increased as a function of EC content and also with aging at 80°C. Para derivatives were favoured over ortho substitution.

show abstract

“…The characterization of stabilizers in gun propellants is largely described in literature (12)(13)(14)(15)(16), and the comparison of propellant powder composition with its GSR has been reported for some types of ammunition (17)(18)(19). The applicability of analytical methods for the detection of GSR depends both on the sensitivity (determination of concentrations at trace levels) and on the selectivity (separation of different compounds in a mixture).…”

Section: Review Of Analytical Techniques Applied To the Analysis Of Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Quantitative LC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue*

Laza

Nys

Kinder

et al. 2007

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In traditional scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis of gunshot residue (GSR), one has to cope more and more frequently with limitations of this technique due to the use of lead-free ammunition or ammunition lacking heavy metals. New methods for the analysis of the organic components of common propellant powder stabilizers were developed based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A multiple reactions monitoring scanning method was created for the screening of akardite II, ethylcentralite, diphenylamine, methylcentralite, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, and 4-nitrodiphenylamine, present in standards mixtures. Five out of seven of these target compounds can be selectively identified and distinguished from the two others with a high accuracy. Samples from the hands of a shooter were collected by swabbing and underwent solid phase extraction prior to analysis. Detection limits ranging from 5 to 115 mug injected were achieved. Results from several firing trials show that the LC-MS/MS method is suitable for the detection of stabilizers in samples collected following the firing of 9 mm Para ammunitions.

show abstract

Chromatographic Investigations of Smokeless Powder. Derivatives of Centralite Formed in Double-Base Powders During Accelerated Aging.

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Fabrication and characterisation of 2NDPA-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres for explosive safety

Fabrication and characterisation of 2NDPA-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres for explosive safety

Derivatives of Ethyl Centralite in Australian gun propellants

Development of a Quantitative LC‐MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Common Propellant Powder Stabilizers in Gunshot Residue*

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About