Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
According to traditional medicinal texts as well as modern research, Rubia cordifolia (Desi Manjistha) stem cure various diseases of blood, skin diseases, inflammations, kidney stones, fever and various Kapha disorders. However, stems of Rubia cordifolia (Desi Manjistha) are often adulterated with stems of Rubia tinctorum (Irani Manjistha) due to morphological similarity. This adulteration is extremely harmful as R. tinctorum has Lucidin as one of the chemical constituents, which has severe genotoxic effects. The present work focuses on developing a comparative HPTLC fingerprint and GC-MS analysis of R. cordifolia and R. tinctorum, so as to detect the adulteration by R. tinctorum in R. cordifolia raw material form and in formulations. Methanol extracts of the individually powdered stems were used to develop a suitable mobile phase, such that a clear spot was obtained in TLC of R. tinctorum but not in TLC of R. cordifolia using the same mobile phase. This mobile phase was further used to develop a comparative HPTLC fingerprint of the two species. Methanol extracts of R. cordifolia and R. tinctorum were used for investigation of phytoconstituents by GC-MS analysis. The mobile phase n-butanol: ethanol (6:4) was the one which gave a clear single spot at Rf 0.89 in TLC of methanol extract of R. tinctorum but not in TLC of methanol extract of R. cordifolia, at 254nm and 366nm. Further, HPTLC analysis gave results clearly differentiating the two species using the same mobile phase. Further, GC-MS analysis of R. cordioflia revealed the presence of 9 phytoconstituents while R. tinctorum revealed the presence of 6 phytoconstituents, which are different from each other. Thus, these simple yet sophisticated techniques will be very useful for herbal industry in standardization and detection of adulteration of R. tinctorum in R. cordifolia formulations, thereby benefitting the patients who consume Manjistha formulations.
Launaea procumbens leaves are galactagogue, diuretic, antifungal, anorexic, anti-arthritic and hepatoprotective according to Ayurvedic texts as well as modern research. Launaea species, particularly L. pinnatifida, is mentioned as one of the sources of Gojihva, regarding which there is controversy with respect to its true botanical identity. However, no detailed anatomical, phytochemical or chromatographic investigation is available for leaf of L. procumbens which can differentiate it from L. pinnatifida. The aim of this work is to develop standardization parameters of L. procumbens leaves by performing its pharmacognostical evaluation, preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC and GC-MS fingerprints. Pharmacognostic investigation of the leaves was performed by its morphological study, qualitative and quantitative microscopy as well as powder microscopy. Extraction of leaves was done by maceration using methanol. This extract was used for preliminary phytochemical screening and chemoprofiling by GC-MS, as well as for developing its HPTLC fingerprint. A mobile phase system was developed by pilot TLC, following which an HPTLC fingerprint was performed using the solvent system chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate (3:7:6). Diagnostic microscopic characters identified in powder include unicellular covering trichome, xylem vessels, anomocytic stomata, and prisms of calcium oxalate crystal. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytoconstituents classes like phenolics, anthraquinones, saponin glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenoids and flavonoids. HPTLC fingerprinting detected 6 peaks with Rf 0.25, 0.37, 0.41, 0.50, 0.65, 0.78 at 254nm and 4 peaks with Rf 0.32, 0.37, 0.50, 0.66 at 366nm. GC-MS fingerprint revealed presence of propanoic acid anhydride, valeric anhydride, 2- Pyrrolidine acetic acid, phthalan, 5- (Hydroxy methyl)-2-(dimethoxy methyl) furan, vanillin, methyl β-l-Arabino pyranoside, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Gluco pyranose and 6-Methyl-2-Heptanone, 6-(3,5-dimethyl-2-furanyl). Present study will be very useful for herbal industry in differentiating Launaea procumbens from other species of the genus Launaea, particularly L. pinnatifida (Gojihva) as well as for authentication, standardization and detection of adulteration in the leaf formulations of Launaea procumbens.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.