Chromatographic and immunological identification of GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) variants. Occurrence of mammalian and a salmon-like GnRH in the forebrain of an eutherian mammal: Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Mammalia, Rodentia).

Montaner, Alejandro D.; Somoza, Gustavo M.; King, Judy A.; Bianchini, Juan José; Bolis, C. G.; Affanni, Jorge M.

doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(98)00005-6

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…RIAs were performed as previously described [2, 27]and standards were radiolabeled following established protocols [27, 41]. The RIA systems were as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the expression of cGnRH-II, in addition to mGnRH, has been described in the central nervous system of placental mammals like rodents [26, 27], primates [28, 29, 30, 31]and even humans [26, 32]. Also, it has been demonstrated that human and mouse neuronal cell lines coexpress mGnRH and cGnRH-II [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it has been demonstrated that human and mouse neuronal cell lines coexpress mGnRH and cGnRH-II [33]. In this context, previous studies have reported indirect evidence for a third and unknown GnRH form with the chromatographic and immunological characteristics of salmon GnRH (sGnRH), in the brain of an ancient mammal, the capybara [27, 34], and in rat, cow and human [35]. Quanbeck et al [36]reported the presence of another third form of GnRH in fetal monkey brain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guinea Pig Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Expression Pattern, Characterization and Biological Activity in Rodents

Montaner

Mongiat²,

Lux‐Lantos

et al. 2002

Neuroendocrinology

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide widely known for its role in regulating vertebrate reproduction by serving as a signal from the hypothalamus to pituitary gonadotropes. The first form of GnRH to be identified was isolated from mammals (mGnRH) and the same form has been reported for all mammals studied, which includes marsupials and placental mammals. Later, another variant, chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) was shown to be expressed together with mGnRH in the brains of all jawed vertebrates, including mammals such as rats, monkeys and humans. Our objective was to characterize a third form of GnRH that was isolated previously as mRNA from guinea pigs (gpGnRH), but has not been reported for any other mammal to date. Furthermore, the gonadotropic activity of gpGnRH has not been fully characterized. Our results, using chromatographical and immunological methods, show for the first time that gpGnRH is expressed together with mGnRH in some rodents (wild guinea pig and capybara), but not in others (mouse and hamster). Also, the gonadotropic activity of gpGnRH and mGnRH was tested in two different rat cell culture systems. Although there have been reports that the salmon(s) form of GnRH is present in mammals, we did not detect sGnRH in capybara, wild guinea pigs, hamsters, rats or mice. Taken together with previous reports, the present results support the idea that the expression of multiple GnRH variants in a single species is a common pattern in most vertebrate groups.

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“…RIAs were performed as previously described [2, 27]and standards were radiolabeled following established protocols [27, 41]. The RIA systems were as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Guinea Pig Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Expression Pattern, Characterization and Biological Activity in Rodents

Montaner

Mongiat²,

Lux‐Lantos

et al. 2002

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Two other HPLC studies have described the peptide in the brain of an ancestral rodent [13, 14]. These findings were not subsequently confirmed in both animals, however [6, 12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The hypothalamus and the brain of rat have been reported to contain cGnRH-II [5], sGnRH [7] and lGnRH-III [8], whereas other studies showed no evidence of any additional isoforms [3, 6,9,10,11,12]. sGnRH was reported to occur in the brain of an ancestral rodent [13, 14], but this finding was not subsequently confirmed [6]. In addition, cGnRH-II was detected in hamster hypothalamic extracts but not in whole brain extracts [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Polymorphism of Native Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Is Restricted to Mammalian GnRH and [Hydroxyproline<sup>9</sup>] GnRH in the Developing Rat Brain

Gautron

Gras²,

Enjalbert³

2005

Neuroendocrinology

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Although chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-II is thought to occur in most animal species, its presence and that of two other variants (lamprey GnRH-III, salmon GnRH) is questionable in rodents. Here we report on the GnRH peptides present in the hypothalamus and the remaining brain of rat of both sexes during development. No immunoreactivity was detected in the elution zone of either native or hydroxylated forms of the above three variants in any of brain extracts chromatographed. The main peptides detected were mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) and m[hydroxyproline⁹]GnRH (mHypGnRH). In the hypothalamus, these peptides were associated with their free acid and precursor forms. N-terminal fragments from both native decapeptides ([1–5]GnRH) and mGnRH ([1–9]GnRH) were observed only in the hypothalamus. C-terminal fragments were detected in both tissues. The relative proportions of mGnRH and mHypGnRH showed no developmental changes in the remaining brain. The hypothalamic proportions of mHypGnRH were high on day 5, and decreased from day 15 onwards. The [Gly¹¹]-precursor to mHypGnRH molar ratio was twofold lower than with the non-hydroxylated peptides. The mGnRH to [1–9]GnRH molar ratio increased in males but decreased in females during development. No sex-related differences were observed in the native decapeptide to [1–5]GnRH molar ratio. It was concluded that (1) chicken GnRH-II is not present in all mammals, (2) mGnRH and mHypGnRH are the main GnRH isoforms present in the rat brain, (3) the processing of [Gly¹¹]-precursor into mHypGnRH occurs at a higher rate than that of mGnRH, and (4) the catabolism does not interfere with the developmental changes undergone by the mGnRH and mHypGnRH brain contents.

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Immunohistochemical localization of three different prepro‐GnRHs in the brain and pituitary of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using antibodies to the corresponding GnRH‐associated peptides

González-Martı́nez

Zmora

Mañanós

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

143

120

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The distribution of the cells expressing three prepro-gonadotrophin-releasing hormones (GnRH), corresponding to salmon GnRH (sGnRH), seabream GnRH (sbGnRH), and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) forms, was studied in the brain and pituitary of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by using immunohistochemistry. To circumvent the cross-reactivity problems of antibodies raised to GnRH decapeptides, we used specific antibodies generated against the different sea bass GnRH-associated peptides (GAP): salmon GAP (sGAP), seabream GAP (sbGAP), and chicken-II GAP (cIIGAP). The salmon GAP immunostaining was mostly detected in terminal nerve neurons but also in ventral telencephalic and preoptic perikarya. Salmon GAP-immunoreactive (ir) fibers were observed mainly in the forebrain, although sGAP-ir projections were also evident in the optic tectum, mesencephalic tegmentum, and ventral rhombencephalon. The pituitary only receives a few sGAP-ir fibers. The seabream GAP-ir cells were mainly detected in the preoptic area. Nevertheless, sbGAP-ir neurons were also found in olfactory bulbs, ventral telencephalon, and ventrolateral hypothalamus. The sbGAP-ir fibers were only observed in the ventral forebrain, innervating strongly the pituitary gland. Finally, chicken-II GAP immunoreactivity was only detected in large synencephalic cells, which are the origin of a profuse innervation reaching the telencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum, posterior tuberculum, mesencephalic tectum and tegmentum, cerebellum, and rhombencephalon. However, no cIIGAP-ir fibers were detected in the hypophysis. These results corroborate the overlapping of sGAP- and sbGAP-expressing cells in the forebrain of the sea bass, and provide, for the first time, unambiguous information on the distribution of projections of the three different GnRH forms expressed in the brain of a single species.

show abstract

Chromatographic and immunological identification of GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) variants. Occurrence of mammalian and a salmon-like GnRH in the forebrain of an eutherian mammal: Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Mammalia, Rodentia).

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Guinea Pig Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Expression Pattern, Characterization and Biological Activity in Rodents

Guinea Pig Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Expression Pattern, Characterization and Biological Activity in Rodents

Molecular Polymorphism of Native Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Is Restricted to Mammalian GnRH and [Hydroxyproline<sup>9</sup>] GnRH in the Developing Rat Brain

Immunohistochemical localization of three different prepro‐GnRHs in the brain and pituitary of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using antibodies to the corresponding GnRH‐associated peptides

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