Chromatographic Analysis of 4,4’- (Diazoamino) -dibenzenesulfonic Acid in FD&amp;C Yellow No. 6

Bailey, John E.; Cox, Elizabeth A

doi:10.1093/jaoac/58.3.609

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…When processed samples were chromatographed, Rf values of this material corresponded with both the controlled reduction samples and samples of p-phenyl sulfonic acid and sulfanilic acid, the products of complete reduction. These results correspond with those of Bailey and Cox (1975), who observed the complete reduction of this compound when heated in an acid environment. The pH of the samples did not significantly change during processing for any of the dyes processed at low pH.…”

Section: -Journalsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…SAMPLES of 1-(4sulfophenylazo)2-naphthol-6-suflonic acid and five subsidiary dyes were synthesized, using purified intermediates, according to the methods of Bailey and Cox, (1975) and Stein (1949). The synthesized subsidiary dyes were 1-(phenylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, 1-(4sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol, l-(4-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6disulfonic acid, l-(4-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphrhol-6,8-disulfonic acid, and 4,4'-(diazoamino>dibenzene-disulfonic acid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is then combined with 2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid (Schaeffer's salt) in the second step to result in I-(4-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol-6sulfonic acid (FD&C Yellow No. 6) (Lubs, 1955;Bailey and Cox, 1975). Sulfonic acid is formed from phenylsulfamic acid, which is derived from the sulfonation of aniline (Cram and Hammond, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples of FD&C Yellow No. 6 submitted for certification were found to contain 4,4'-(diazoamino)-dibenzene-disulfonic acid (Bailey and Cox, 1975 In the commercial synthesis of FD&C Yellow No. 6, technical grade intermediates were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These impurities may take the form of uncombined intermediates, subsidiary dyes, or side reaction compounds. Bailey and Cox (1975) compiled spectral data for 10 intermediates, 25 dyes, and two side reactions related to the synthesis of FD&C Yellow No. 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THERMAL STABILITY OF SUBSIDIARY DYES ASSOCIATED WITH FD&C YELLOW NO. 6

Bibeau

Clydesdale

1978

Journal of Food Science

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FD&C Yellow No. 6 and five subsidiary dyes commonly found in commercial samples of this colorant were examined to determine their thermal stability in various model systems. Differences in thermal stabilities were noted for the various subsidiary dyes. Variations in stability for samples processed in neutral and acidic solutions were noted. Samples were also processed in the presence of a reducing sugar. Possible breakdown products are discussed. Studies have shown significant differences in the stability of the major and subsidiary dyes which could have potential significance.

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Section: -Journalsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THERMAL STABILITY OF SUBSIDIARY DYES ASSOCIATED WITH FD&C YELLOW NO. 6

Bibeau

Clydesdale

1978

Journal of Food Science

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Determination of Seven Organic Impurities in FD&C Yellow No. 6 by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Stover

Harp

2021

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL

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Background The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) batch certifies FD&C Yellow No. 6 (Y6) to ensure that the color additive meets requirements published in the Code of Federal Regulations, including specifications for seven organic manufacturing impurities consisting of two intermediates, a reaction by-product, an impurity originating from an intermediate, and three subsidiary colors. Objective An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed and validated for determining seven organic impurities in Y6. For comparison, the currently used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was also validated. Methods The new UHPLC method uses a 1.7 µm particle size biphenyl column with aqueous ammonium formate and methanol as eluants. Analytes are identified by comparing their retention times and UV-visible spectra to those of reference standards. Calibration is performed in the presence of the dye matrix and analyte levels are determined from their peak areas. Results UHPLC and HPLC validation studies obtained linear calibration curves and excellent values for limits of detection, limits of quantitation, recovery, repeatability, and intermediate precision for all analytes. Survey analyses of 30 samples using the UHPLC and HPLC methods yielded results that were consistent within experimental error; however, the UHPLC method provided more accurate results for two analytes that coelute using the HPLC method. Conclusions The UHPLC method satisfies the accuracy and precision requisites for routine certification of Y6. Highlights The UHPLC method is faster and generates less waste than the HPLC method while delivering better sensitivity, separation, and accuracy.

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Chromatographic Analysis of 4,4’- (Diazoamino) -dibenzenesulfonic Acid in FD&C Yellow No. 6

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

THERMAL STABILITY OF SUBSIDIARY DYES ASSOCIATED WITH FD&C YELLOW NO. 6

THERMAL STABILITY OF SUBSIDIARY DYES ASSOCIATED WITH FD&C YELLOW NO. 6

Determination of Seven Organic Impurities in FD&C Yellow No. 6 by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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