Chromatin structure at the 44D larval cuticle gene locus in<i>Drosophila</i>: the effect of a transposable element insertion

Eissenberg, Joel C.; Kimbrell, Deborah A.; Fristrom, James W.; Elgin, Sarah C. R.

doi:10.1093/nar/12.23.9025

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These hypersensitive sites have been observed adjacent to genes encoding heat-shock proteins (2, 3), 3-globin (4-6), histones (7), a Drosophila glue protein (8) and larval cuticle gene cluster (9), and on SV40 minichromosomes (10). Furthermore, these sites have been associated with many different sequences which are involved in gene expression and frequently their appearance has been correlated with developmental and tissue-specific gene activation (4-6, 8, the gene is expressed (13,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitive sites in the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the cysteine proteinase I gene ofDictyostelium discoideum

1986

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersensitive sites in the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the cysteine proteinase I gene ofDictyostelium discoideum

1986

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“…It has been reported that active or inducible genes are highly sensitive to digestion with DNase I (Eissenberg et al, 1985), that enhancer sequences are often associated with DNase I-hypersensitive (DH) sites (Jongstra et al, 1983;Thompson and Fan, 1985), and that insertion of transposable genetic elements sometimes modifies the DH sites of host genomes or creates new DH sites (McGinnis et al, 1983;Eissenberg et al, 1984;Eissenberg and Elgin, 1987). To explore the mechanism of positive regulation of G6PD by the core sequence, the DH sites in the 5' region of G6PD gene were examined in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the DH sites within the hobo seem to influence transcription initiation, since multiple new transcription start sites were found 5' to the normal site. Eissenberg et al (1984) reported that the sensitivity of the major DH site located between larval cuticle protein genes//and III was enhanced by the insertion of the H.M.S. Beagle element into the 5' region of the IIIgene and that the element itself had a DH site within each of the direct terminal repeats, but expression of the III gene was suppressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive regulation of theDrosophila melanogaster G6PD gene by an insertion sequence

1989

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In a previous study, we have shown that the three high-G6PD activity mutants are characterized by insertion of the Ins1 sequence consisting of a core sequence flanked by two defective P elements (KP and KP'; the 32nd base of the KP was replaced by guanine in the KP') in front of exonI of the G6PD gene and that the sequence responsible for positive regulation of the G6PD gene expression might be the core sequence but not the flanking KP and KP' elements. The core sequence is composed of either one or two identical units in each mutant. In this report we present evidence (1) that insertion of the Ins1 sequence gives rise to overproduction of G6PD mRNA, (2) that the length and the 5' end of G6PD mRNA do not differ in wild-type and three mutants, (3) that the insertion site of the Ins1 sequence is the same in the mutants, and (4) that each unit of the core sequence has the same in the mutants, and (4) that each unit of the core sequence has a pair of DNase I-hypersensitive sites. The possibility exists that the binding of some regulatory proteins to the DNase I-hypersensitive sites might accelerate the transcription rate of the G6PD gene.

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“…The site in the right-hand P-element end was not as well resolved; we could only place it with certainty within the last 100 base pairs of the P-element. instances in which multiple transformation events were identified, each tranduced locus when examined separately was found to be active (16,25 (27) and of the copia-like transposable element, HMS Beagle, in D. melanogaster (4) suggests that this specialized chromatin structure is a general feature of the terminal regions of transposable sequences in eucaryotes.…”

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Chromatin structure of a P-element-transduced hsp-28 gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Eissenberg¹,

Elgin²

1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The Drosophila hsp-28 gene was heat inducible when transduced to novel chromosomal sites even when no direct selection for transduced gene expression was imposed. The pattern of DNase I-hypersensitive sites 5' to the wild type and transduced copy of hsp-28 was similar. In addition, DNase I-hypersensitive sites occurred within the P-element sequences flanking transduced loci.A diverse body of data supports a model of the eucaryotic chromosome in which active genes reside in chromatin domains that are relatively more sensitive to nucleolytic attack than those of inactive genes (reviewed in reference 3). The apparent compartmentalization of the genome into active and inactive domains raises the possibility that the domain organization of the chromosome plays a role in promoting the differential expression of genes in different domains.P-element-mediated germ line transformation in Drosophila melanogaster (21) has made possible a detailed assessment of the role of chromosome organization in eucaryotic gene expression. A variety of genes have shown a high degree of autonomy in their spatiotemporal regulation when transduced elsewhere in the euchromatin (6, 8-10, 13, 16, 20, 23-25). Such results have been interpreted as demonstrating that all of the cis-acting regulatory elements governing gene activity generally reside immediately adjacent to the transcription unit itself. However, in most cases direct selection for expression of the transduced DNA was imposed, raising the possibility that many instances of chromosomal position effects went undetected.We used P-element-mediated germ line transformation to introduce the small heat shock gene hsp-28 into novel chromosomal locations without imposing a selective screen. This gene was chosen because it is rapidly induced to high levels of expression in a variety of tissues by a brief heat shock and because the chromatin structure of the hsp-28 locus has been extensively characterized in embryos (1,11,14) and tissue culture cells (1). The plasmid used in these transformation experiments (called Ad44) is shown in Fig. 1. Insertion of 1.4 kilobases of adenovirus DNA into the coding region of hsp-28 in Ad44 permits detection of transforming DNA and RNA in an hsp-28+ background. Note that, although hsp-23 sequences are also present in the plasmid, the hsp-23 RNA cap site and TATA box sequences are missing. Thus, hsp-23 is not expected to be transcribed from the transduced loci. Ad44 DNA, at 500 jig/ml, was coinjected with pwr25.1 (at 50 ,ug/ml) into preblastoderm Oregon R Drosophila embryos as described by Rubin and Spradling (21). Injected flies were subsequently crossed to Oregon R adults, and their progeny (F1 generation) were pair mated inter se. When larvae appeared in the vials, prepared DNA from each F1 parent by the potassium acetate-sodium dodecyl sulfate method described by Lis et al. (13) RNA was prepared from heat-shocked adults of each homozygous transformed line essentially by the method of Meyerowitz and Hogness (18). Figure 2 shows the Northern blot analysis ...

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Chromatin structure at the 44D larval cuticle gene locus inDrosophila: the effect of a transposable element insertion

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Hypersensitive sites in the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the cysteine proteinase I gene ofDictyostelium discoideum

Hypersensitive sites in the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the cysteine proteinase I gene ofDictyostelium discoideum

Positive regulation of theDrosophila melanogaster G6PD gene by an insertion sequence

Chromatin structure of a P-element-transduced hsp-28 gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

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