Chromatin, Nuclei and Water: Alterations and Mechanisms for Chemically- Induced Carcinogenesis

Nicolini, Claudio; Brambilla, Giovanni; Beltrame, Francesco; Capitani, Silvano; Carlo, Pia; Cavazza, B; Chiabrera, A.; Finollo, Renata; Grattarola, M.; Manzoli, A.; Maraldi, N. M.; Martelli, Antonietta; Parodi, G.; Patrone, Eligio; Ridella, Sandro; Trefiletti, Vincenzo; Viviani, R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4334-9_19

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…“The mode of association chromatin with nuclear envelope may involve the attachment of initiation sites of the replicating DNA to the pore complexes” 3. Similar interactions between chromatin DNA and nuclear pores have been reported recently 5, 6.…”

Section: Dna‐membrane Interacions Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 55%

Patrick W. Tank (1950–2012)

Gest

2012

Clinical Anatomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These disorders may undergo phenotypic shifts, and may specifically evolve into secondary myelofibrosis (MF) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We studied genomic changes associated with these transformations in 29 patients who had serial samples collected in different phases of disease. Genomic DNA from granulocytes, i.e., the myeloproliferative genome, was processed and hybridized to genome‐wide human SNP 6.0 arrays. Most patients in chronic phase had chromosomal regions with uniparental disomy (UPD) and/or copy number changes. Disease progression to secondary MF or AML was associated with the acquisition of additional chromosomal aberrations in granulocytes (P = 0.002). A close relationship was observed between aberrations of chromosome 9p (UPD and/or gain) and progression from PV to post‐PV MF (P = 0.002). The acquisition of one or more aberrations involving chromosome 5, 7, or 17p was specifically associated with progression to AML (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.2–27.7, P = 0.006), and significantly affected overall survival (HR 18, 95% CI 1.9–164, P = 0.01). These observations indicate that disease progression from chronic‐phase MPN to secondary MF or AML is associated with specific chromosomal aberrations that can be detected by means of high‐resolution SNP array analysis of granulocyte DNA. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Dna‐membrane Interacions Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 55%

Patrick W. Tank (1950–2012)

Gest

2012

Clinical Anatomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are data in the literature indicating that transcriptionally active nuclei are characterized by increased size of the nuclear envelope (Franke et al, 1981), and nuclei of stressed animals were hypertrophic. Stressed animals also exhibited increased chromatin, which suggests higher DNA content (Wolley et al, 1982) and activation of the nucleus (Haag et al, 1977;Nicolini et al, 1982). Although movement of chromatin toward the periphery of the nucleus in crowded rats is of uncertain biological significance, the capacity of optical density analysis to demonstrate a loosening of tightly bound chromatin is of special interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes in nuclear chromatin in rat pituitary after chronic stress of low intensity

et al. 1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute, intense sources of "psychogenic" stress clearly modify the structure and function of the hypophysis, and there are concomitant changes in many peripheral physiological systems. Less dramatic sources of stress yield more equivocal results. An experiment is reported in which nuclear morphology of adenohypophyseal cells from 49 male rats exposed to a chronic, low-intensity stressor was examined both by conventional histological and computer-assisted-image-processing methods. The hypothesis tested was that an unequivocal pattern of morphological changes in the nucleus and nuclear chromatin would be revealed by image processing. Rats were killed after living for a year in a relatively low-stress environment, "crowded" in groups of five animals per cage. The control condition was a minimal stress environment of two rats per cage. Results suggested few signs of pathology from peripheral measures of hypophyseal activity, and direct light microscopic examination of the gland revealed no differences between the two groups. Analysis of computer-enhanced images of the pars distalis nuclei from the adenohypophysis, on the other hand, generated findings that were statistically and biologically significant. Nuclear size increased in the stress condition, the number of chromatin and area occupied by the particles increased, and the position of chromatin shifted toward the periphery of the nucleus. Perhaps more important, optical density analysis indicated that chromatin was less tightly packed in the experimental animals. Implications are that chronic, low-intensity stress modulates nuclear structural changes from a dormant to an active state that portend changes in the peripheral systems influenced by the hypophysis.

show abstract

Phase transitions in nuclei and chromatin

et al. 1984

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in the volume of rat liver nuclei have been monitored as a function of modifications in ionic environment (from 0 to 20 mM), temperature (from 4 to 37 degrees C), and pH (from 1 to 8). An abrupt reduction of nuclear volume occurred with increasing ion concentration, this contraction being more pronounced with bivalent (either Ca2+ or Mg2+) than with monovalent (either Na+ or K+) cations. The lowering of pH produced a similar effect. Parallel changes in chromatin structure took place at the same time as phase-like transitions. Atomic absorption spectroscopy allowed determination of free and nuclei-bound ions, pointing to the presence of a sizeable number of free binding sites for chromatin-DNA even within intact nuclei. DNA-phosphate sites appear to be neutralized by ions strictly according to the size of the electric charge and polyelectrolyte theory. Partial digestion (by micrococcal nuclease) or simple breaks (by chemical carcinogens) of the chromatin-DNA fiber caused respectively elimination or reduction of the abrupt volume changes in the intact nuclei. The apparent role of chromatin structure versus nuclear matrix in determining the shape and volume of intact nuclei is briefly discussed.

show abstract

Chromatin, Nuclei and Water: Alterations and Mechanisms for Chemically- Induced Carcinogenesis

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Patrick W. Tank (1950–2012)

Patrick W. Tank (1950–2012)

Structural changes in nuclear chromatin in rat pituitary after chronic stress of low intensity

Phase transitions in nuclei and chromatin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About