Chromatin extrusion and DNA transfer during microsporogenesis

Cytomixis in Pollen Mother Cells of Polygonum tomentosum Schrank.

“…Various factors have been invoked, such as pathological conditions (Morrisset 1979), mechanical injury (Sarvella 1958), and a genetic control system (Mantu and Sharma 1983). In the present study seems very unlikely that cytomictic phenomena are caused by fixation artifacts, as was suggested by Jacob (1941), Takats (1959), or Gottschalk (1970. However in the present study, it is notable that meiosis are very disturbed, suggesting incomplete genomic homology, but it is less clear whether this is a primary or a secondary (postcytomictic) phenonemon.…”

“…Many authers suggest that cytomixis is an artifact of fixation (Linnert 1955, Takats 1959, Ahadi and Sharma 1988. However, I found that it occurs at an equal frequency in fixed and freshly stained material.…”

Cytomixis in Lamiaceae.

“…Several suggestions have been put forward to explain the probable origin of cytomixis. These include the effect of fixation (Linnert 1955, Takats 1959, Heslop-Harrison 1966, abnormal pathologi cal conditions (Bobak andHerich 1978, Morisset 1978), physiologically controlled behaviour (Sarvella 1958, Bell 1964, nutritional deficiency (Milajajev 1967) as well as genetic reasons (Brown andBertke 1974, Omara 1976).…”

Cytoplasmic channels and chromatin migration in mulberry.

“…gigas by Gates (1911), it has been observed in some other plants belonging to families Alismaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae and others (Bell 1964) . Though, the origin, development and function of cytoplasmic channels and chromatin migration has been discussed by many workers (Sarvella 1958, Takats 1959, Kamara 1960, Heslop-Harrison 1966, the phenomenon is still not very clear . The occur rence of cytomixis was reported for the first time in mulberry by Verma et al .…”