Chromatin Extrusion and Cytomixis in Pollen Mother Cells of Hordeum

Male meiosis in reed grass Calamagrostis emodensis Griseb. from cold desert region of Western Himalayas

“…Some possible causes attributed to cytomixis are the effect of chemical fixative used for fixation of material (Gottschalk 1970), mechanical injury (Sarvella 1958), temperature (Basavaiah and Murthy 1987), polyploid level (Verma et al1984), cell response as a consequence of pesticides, antibiotic dosage or chemicals (Kumar and Sinha 1991), failure of cell wall formation during premeiotic mitosis (Kamra 1960), and genetically controlled behaviour ( Mantu and Sharma 1983).…”

New insights into cytomixis: specific cellular features and prevalence in higher plants

“…An evolutionary significance of cytomixis has been assumed long ago (Kamra 1960); however, the first data that confirm this hypothesis appeared only in the last decade. First and foremost, this is a frequent detection of fertile diploid and polyploid pollen in the plants displaying a high rate of cytomixis in their microsporogenesis (Falistocco et al 1995;Zhou 2003;Ghaffari 2006;Lattoo et al 2006;Negron-Ortiz 2007;Singhal and Kumar 2008;Song and Li 2009;Singhal et al 2011).…”

Induced cytomictic diversity in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred

“…Kamra [25] working on PMCs of Hordeum believed that no amount of defecting squashing or application of pressure could produce such small protrusions so close to another, or to form PMCs with extra fragments or increase the number of bivalents in them specially at metaphase. During present investigation, the comparative analysis of control and treated sets regarding cytomixis clear ly indicates that the cause of cytomixis might be abnormal genetic behaviour due to treatment with gamma rays.…”

“…The influ ence of genes [24], 2. Abnormal formation of the cell wall during premeiotic divisions [25], 3. Action of chemical agents [11][12][13], 4.…”