Christmas and New Year “Dietary Titbits” and Perspectives from Chronobiology

Abstract

A historical Christmas card connecting two pioneers of modern chronobiology (Colin Pittendrigh and Jürgen Aschoff) brings together key evolutionary facets of the field at Christmas time. The importance of the field to physiology and medicine is conveyed by the Nobel Prize award in 2017 for discoveries of how body clocks facilitate the temporal organization of physiology across days and nights. Temporal organization can have relevance for dietary Christmas excesses and dietary New Year resolutions. Herein, we examine how diet around Christmas and New Year has been targeted in human health research and we examine published opinion on dietary practice concerning Christmas and New Year using a systematized literature review approach. Thereafter, via a selective literature synthesis regarding time-restricted eating, we explore the chronobiological notion that “when” we eat and drink may make differences in terms of whether we experience weight gain and adverse health effects during and after the festive days. Overall, current Christmas eating is typically detrimental to health in terms of “how much” we consume of “what”. Regarding New Year’s goal-setting, chronobiology-based advice could be considered insofar as “when” we eat may be a healthier and more sustainable nutritional habit alternative. While we need further studies in humans, individual and public health may benefit during and after Christmas by adhering to plausible principles of chrononutrition. That detrimental nutritional excesses over Christmas may encourage individuals to tackle their eating habits should not be left untapped.

Winter Holidays and Their Impact on Eating Behavior—A Systematic Review

“…Various factors contribute to dietary changes during the holidays, including social norms, gatherings with loved ones, and the desire to showcase a favorable material situation. Individuals tend to consume significantly more food in a 24 h period than they would typically, often motivated by the intention to begin the new year with a fresh and healthy lifestyle [20].…”

Circadian Clock and Nutrition

“…The development of appropriate nutritional strategies safeguards the body's energy homeostasis by providing, among other things, calcium and vitamin D, which are essential for healthy bones, preventing osteoporosis, the pathogenesis of which is also linked to changes in the circadian rhythm [13]. The review conducted by Erren et al [14] was inspired by a Christmas card, painted by Colin Pittendrigh, sent to Jürgen Aschoff. Both gentlemen are pioneers of world chronobiology, and, although they were friends, their scientific discussions were very professional, interesting, and inspiring.…”