Christensenella regulated by Huang-Qi-Ling-Hua-San is a key factor by which to improve type 2 diabetes

Abstract

There is a lot of evidence that oral hypoglycemic drugs work by affecting gut microbes, but the key strains responsible for this effect are not well known. Huang-Qi-Ling-Hua-San (HQLHS), composed of Astragalus Membranaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Inonotus obliquus, and Momordica charantia L., is a specially designed Chinese medicine formula to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, a mouse model of T2D induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin was used to explore the mechanism of HQLHS in improving hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia through multiple rounds of animal experiments, such as HQLHS feeding, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and live bacteria feeding, so as to explore the potential target intestinal flora in its hypoglycemic effect. Results show that such specific taxa as Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter, Alistipes, Romboutsia, and Christensenella were identified to be preferably enriched by HQLHS and then assumed to be the target microbes. Herein, FMT was used to test if the upregulated beneficial bacteria by HQLHS play a therapeutic role. The strain Christensenella minuta DSM 22607 and the strain Christensenella timonensis DSM 102800 were selected to test the beneficial effect of Christensenella taxa on T2D. Diabetic animals supplemented with these strains showed the improvement in blood glucose and lipid metabolism, the promotion of GLP-1 secretion, the increase in antioxidant capacity, the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, the suppression of intestinal glucose absorption, the enhancement of intestinal barrier, reduced LPS-induced inflammation, and the reduction of branched amino acids (BCAAs) content in the liver. Overall, these data demonstrate that Christensenella plays a beneficial role in T2D and is a target for the action of HQLHS therapy.

Hesperidin alleviates zinc-induced nephrotoxicity via the gut-kidney axis in swine

“…showed that the Tenericutes was reduced in diabetic nephropathy after Lycoperoside H treatment, which provided an important reference for the involvement of Tenericutes in the regulation of kidney diseases through “gut-kidney” axis ( Zhang et al., 2022a ). In addition, as a probiotic, Christensenella has been used for the treatment of diabetes, which could enhance the intestinal barrier and reduce intestinal inflammation ( Pan et al., 2022 ). Therefore, hesperidin was found to improve Zn-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by changing the abundance of Tenericutes and Christensenella, thus alleviating zinc-induced kidney injury via “gut-kidney” axis.…”

Metabolome and microbiome analyses of the anti-fatigue mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves

“…21 The detection of the main components followed our previous study. 22 Briefly, data acquisition was accomplished in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS based on the highly sensitive SCIEX QTRAP 6500+ mass spectrometry platform.…”

Christensenella minuta, a new candidate next-generation probiotic: current evidence and future trajectories

“…Finally, both Christensenella strains altered the composition of the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of many beneficial microorganisms, such as Bifidobacterium and Phascolarctobacterium . Overall, C. minuta and C. timonesis improved metabolic processes in T2DM mice and mitigated inflammatory responses ( Pan et al, 2022 ).…”