Abstract:Background: Myopia is a condition in which the visual images come to a focus in front of the retina of the eye. This disease is a major cause of visual disability, which presents in 108 million persons globally. Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between the degree of myopia, the axial length, and the choroidal thickness (CT). Methods: This is an observational analytical study that made use of a cross-sectional design. A total of 59 participants with refractive errors underwent treatment at… Show more
“…1 ). Multiple studies have shown that axial length is particularly related to choroidal thickness in myopia 41 – 44 , Thus we consider that the axial length elongation induced by myopia also brings with it the associated choroidal response. Figure 2 GBEs significantly suppressed a myopic refractive shift and axial elongation in a murine LIM model.…”
Myopia is becoming more common across the world, necessitating the development of preventive methods. We investigated the activity of early growth response 1 (EGR-1) protein and discovered that Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) activated EGR-1 in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 J mice were fed either normal or 0.0667% GBEs (200 mg/kg) mixed chow (n = 6 each), and myopia was induced with − 30 diopter (D) lenses from 3 to 6 weeks of age. Refraction and axial length were measured by an infrared photorefractor and an SD-OCT system, respectively. In lens-induced myopia mice, oral GBEs significantly improved refractive errors (− 9.92 ± 1.53 D vs. − 1.67 ± 3.51 D, p < 0.001) and axial elongation (0.22 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.19 ± 0.02 mm, p < 0.05). To confirm the mechanism of GBEs in preventing myopia progression, the 3-week-old mice were divided into normally fed with either myopic-induced or non-myopic-induced groups and GBEs fed with either myopic-induced or non-myopic-induced groups (n = 10 each). Choroidal blood perfusion was measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In both non-myopic induced groups, compared to normal chow, oral GBEs significantly improved choroidal blood perfusion (8.48 ± 15.75%Area vs. 21.74 ± 10.54%Area, p < 0.05) and expression of Egr-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the choroid. In both myopic-induced groups, compared to normal chow, oral GBEs also improved choroidal blood perfusion (− 9.82 ± 9.47%Area vs. 2.29 ± 11.84%Area, p < 0.05) and was positively correlated with the change in choroidal thickness. These findings suggest that GBEs may inhibit the progression of myopia by improving choroidal blood perfusion.
“…1 ). Multiple studies have shown that axial length is particularly related to choroidal thickness in myopia 41 – 44 , Thus we consider that the axial length elongation induced by myopia also brings with it the associated choroidal response. Figure 2 GBEs significantly suppressed a myopic refractive shift and axial elongation in a murine LIM model.…”
Myopia is becoming more common across the world, necessitating the development of preventive methods. We investigated the activity of early growth response 1 (EGR-1) protein and discovered that Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) activated EGR-1 in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 J mice were fed either normal or 0.0667% GBEs (200 mg/kg) mixed chow (n = 6 each), and myopia was induced with − 30 diopter (D) lenses from 3 to 6 weeks of age. Refraction and axial length were measured by an infrared photorefractor and an SD-OCT system, respectively. In lens-induced myopia mice, oral GBEs significantly improved refractive errors (− 9.92 ± 1.53 D vs. − 1.67 ± 3.51 D, p < 0.001) and axial elongation (0.22 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.19 ± 0.02 mm, p < 0.05). To confirm the mechanism of GBEs in preventing myopia progression, the 3-week-old mice were divided into normally fed with either myopic-induced or non-myopic-induced groups and GBEs fed with either myopic-induced or non-myopic-induced groups (n = 10 each). Choroidal blood perfusion was measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In both non-myopic induced groups, compared to normal chow, oral GBEs significantly improved choroidal blood perfusion (8.48 ± 15.75%Area vs. 21.74 ± 10.54%Area, p < 0.05) and expression of Egr-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the choroid. In both myopic-induced groups, compared to normal chow, oral GBEs also improved choroidal blood perfusion (− 9.82 ± 9.47%Area vs. 2.29 ± 11.84%Area, p < 0.05) and was positively correlated with the change in choroidal thickness. These findings suggest that GBEs may inhibit the progression of myopia by improving choroidal blood perfusion.
“…выявили уменьшение толщины сетчатки и хориоидеи в субфовеолярной области у детей с амблиопией и высокой степенью миопии [26]. Снижение толщины хориоидеи при увеличении степени приобретенной миопии отражено в работах многих авторов [27][28][29][30], что согласуется с данными, полученными в нашем исследовании. Выявленная прямая связь средней силы между величиной МКОЗ и толщиной хориоидеи может быть обусловлена снижением кровотока в фовеоле и нарушением функции нейроэпителия вследствие развивающейся ишемии, обнаруженной в ряде исследований приобретенной миопии [31,32]…”
AIM: To investigate the morphometric parameters of the macular zone in children with pseudophakia and different refractive states after congenital cataract extraction in infancy and their correlations with vision parameters.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty children (49 eyes) who underwent bilateral cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, with a median age at surgery of 7.942.70 (212) months, were identified. These children were divided into two groups: group 1 with target refraction (n=18, 21 eyes) and group 2 with pseudophakic myopia (n=14,28 eyes). All patients were examined with the Nidek RS-3000 Advance two optical coherence tomography.
RESULTS: A significant reduction was found in the morphometric parameters in group 2 relative to that in group 1: foveal thickness (253.1127.84 and 266.4221.52 m), average inner macula thickness (307.6430.9 and 330.1428.29 m) and average outer macula thickness (281.1722.51 and 298.7828.23 m), central choroidal thickness (221.8779.04 and 311.9468.38 m), macular volume (7.990.71 and 8.760.49 mm3), and foveal volume (0.190.02 и 0,210.02 mm3). This can be due to axial elongation (24.722.18 and 21.281.55 mm). The correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular volume was moderate in pseudophakic children (r=0.418; p 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The data indicate an impairment of the macular zone formation in children with pseudophakic myopia which to a certain extent can explain the decrease in functional prognosis.
“…Patients with early-onset and severe myopia have a worse long-term visual acuity prognosis [24]. Moreover, patients with longer axial lengths have a faster rate of myopia progression and a higher risk of developing myopic retinal degeneration, choroidal thickness, and other related diseases [20,[25][26][27].…”
Myopia or nearsightedness is a condition caused by inaccurate light rays being perceived on the retina. It is caused by elongation of the eyeball and increased curvature of the cornea. In myopia, parallel light rays entering the eye are not focusing on the retina. Spectacles lens and orthokeratology therapy were two treatments option for myopia. This literature review aims to compare two non-operative treatment options in myopia cases, especially the spectacles lens glasses and orthokeratology, including the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy. The literature search in this review was carried out using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with three main keywords: myopia, perifocal lens, and orthokeratology. Fifty articles were obtained as references. Highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) of spectacles lens showed a positive effect on reducing low contrast visual acuity. Unfortunately, lens decentration could occur in spectacles lens users, resulting in an induced prismatic effect in the future. Besides, wearing an orthokeratology lens significantly affects the central corneal zone flattening and increases the relative corneal refractive power (RCRP). However, if the user stops using orthokeratology lenses, the cornea could be returned to its original shape within a few days. Conclusion: Spectacles lens and Orthokeratology have some benefits and limitations in preventing myopia progression. Therapy selection must continue to be individualized for each patient to enhance recovery outcomes.
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