Choroidal Blood Flow during Exercise-Induced Changes in the Ocular Perfusion Pressure

Lovasik, John V.; Kergoat, He ́le`ne; Riva, Charles E.; Petrig, Benno L.; Geiser, Martial

doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0825

Cited by 84 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Price et al 17 and Lovasik and Kergoat 18 reported increases in pulsatile ocular blood flow in subjects following a short period of dynamic exercise. Similarly, Lovasik et al 19 and Okuno et al 20 reported small increases in choroidal blood flow with dynamic exercise. These changes in choroidal blood flow have been found to be substantially smaller than the concomitant increases in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) that accompanied the exercise, suggesting a degree of regulation of ocular blood flow in response to increased perfusion pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Although a number of previous studies have noted changes in a range of ocular measures following dynamic exercise, including IOP, [12][13][14][15][16]18 and choroidal blood flow; 19,20 this is the first study to demonstrate that AXL also changes following exercise. The short-term changes in AXL are small and unlikely to be of clinical significance, however, they demonstrate that the physiological changes occurring as a consequence of a short period of dynamic exercise, lead to transient changes in ocular biometrics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[17][18][19][20] Lovasik et al 19 reported a significant increase of choroidal blood flow of 5-6% during a period of dynamic exercise. Although choroidal blood flow was not measured in this study, a small magnitude increase in this parameter would be expected to lead to expansion of the choroid, and an accompanying reduction in AXL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes in choroidal blood flow have been found to be substantially smaller than the concomitant increases in ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) that accompanied the exercise, suggesting a degree of regulation of ocular blood flow in response to increased perfusion pressure. 19 Changes in retinal blood flow with dynamic exercise have also been studied, with reported changes typically being of small magnitude, suggesting a stronger auto-regulatory capacity in the retinal vasculature. 20,21 Physical activity has also been found to cause changes in other ocular parameters such as tonic accommodation, 22 pupil size, 23 anterior chamber angle 24 and retinal activity; 25 however, the influence of exercise on ocular biometrics such as AXL is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

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Collins

2011

Eye

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Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the short-term influence of a period of dynamic exercise on axial length (AXL) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in young adult subjects.Patients and methods In all, 20 young adult subjects (10 myopes and 10 emmetropes) participated. Baseline measures of ocular biometrics, IOP and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) were taken following a 20-min rest period. Subjects then performed 10 min of moderate intensity, low impact dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry). Measures of ocular biometrics, IOP and OPA were repeated immediately after, and then 5 and 10 min after this exercise task. Systemic blood pressure and pulse rate were also monitored. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the changes in the measured parameters. Results Exercise resulted in significant changes in a range of ocular parameters. A small but significant decrease in AXL was observed following exercise (Po0.0001). The largest change in AXL was noted immediately following exercise (mean decrease À17 ± 10 lm). IOP and OPA also decreased significantly following exercise (Po0.0001). A moderate but significant positive association was found between the changes in AXL and the changes in IOP (r 2 ¼ 0.36, Po0.0001). There were no significant differences found between the myopic and emmetropic subjects in the magnitude of changes observed in ocular parameters following exercise. Conclusion The physiological effects of dynamic exercise lead to changes in a range of ocular parameters, including significant reductions in IOP, OPA and decreases in AXL.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

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Collins

2011

Eye

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“…The LDF technique was used in this study because of its noninvasiveness, the short-lasting measurements, which facilitate recordings in elderly patients, and the reported reproducibility and sensitivity in healthy [12][13][14] and AMD eyes. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Great care was taken to keep the DC as constant as possible during the recordings, which is necessary for valuable comparisons of ChBF parameters in a given patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of photodynamic therapy on subfoveal blood flow in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients

Moreau-Gaudry

Geiser

Romanet

et al. 2009

Eye

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Aim To assess the short-term changes in choroidal blood flow (ChBF) after photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Fourteen patients with exudative AMD were included after a complete ophthalmological examination, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography. Subfoveal ChBF was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in both treated (n ¼ 14) and nontreated contralateral (n ¼ 8) eyes, 1 h and 1 week after PDT. Ocular perfusion pressure was calculated. Results The detection sensitivity of the LDF measurements at 2-min intervals before PDT in treated eyes was 7.4% for volume, 6.3% for velocity, and 10.4% for ChBF. The initial mean visual acuity was 0.68±0.3 logMar. Macular thickness at baseline as measured by OCT3 was at median (interquartile range), 326.5 lm (188-367). At 1 h and 7 days after PDT, a significant increase in velocity (15.8 and 24.4%, respectively) and a significant decrease in volume (11 and 17.9%, respectively) were noted in treated eyes. Choroidal blood flow and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) remained similar during follow-up. No significant change in flow parameters was reported in untreated eyes. Conclusion The LDF technique provides feasible and reliable measurements of blood flow parameters before and after PDT in a selective population of patients with exudative AMD. The prognostic value of these early blood flow parameter changes also needs to be assessed.

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Autonomic Control of the Eye

McDougal

Gamlin

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

333

369

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The autonomic nervous system influences numerous ocular functions. It does this by way of parasympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia, and by way of sympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the superior cervical ganglion. Ciliary ganglion neurons project to the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris to control ocular accommodation and pupil constriction, respectively. Superior cervical ganglion neurons project to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris to control pupil dilation. Ocular blood flow is controlled both via direct autonomic influences on the vasculature of the optic nerve, choroid, ciliary body, and iris, as well as via indirect influences on retinal blood flow. In mammals, this vasculature is innervated by vasodilatory fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion, and by vasoconstrictive fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. Intraocular pressure is regulated primarily through the balance of aqueous humor formation and outflow. Autonomic regulation of ciliary body blood vessels and the ciliary epithelium is an important determinant of aqueous humor formation; autonomic regulation of the trabecular meshwork and episcleral blood vessels is an important determinant of aqueous humor outflow. These tissues are all innervated by fibers from the pterygopalatine and superior cervical ganglia. In addition to these classical autonomic pathways, trigeminal sensory fibers exert local, intrinsic influences on many of these regions of the eye, as well as on some neurons within the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia.

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Choroidal Blood Flow during Exercise-Induced Changes in the Ocular Perfusion Pressure

Abstract: The dissociation between the OPP and the ChBF during biking and recovery suggests that some mechanism keeps the ChBF close to its basal value, an observation that indicates blood flow regulation.

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure

Effects of photodynamic therapy on subfoveal blood flow in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients

Autonomic Control of the Eye

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