Chorismate mutase in microorganisms and plants

Romero, Rafael Robaina; Roberts, Margaret; Phillipson, J.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)00408-y

Cited by 74 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The major synthetic pathway proceeds via the conversion of prephenate to phenylpyruvate by PD and the subsequent conversion phenylpyruvate to Phe by phenylpyruvate amino transferase (Haslam, 1993). Chorismate mutase and PD activities can occur as two separate proteins or, in the case of P protein in Escherichia coli, as a fused protein with both activities (Zurawski et al, 1977;Hudson and Davidson, 1984;Romero et al, 1995). An alternative pathway proceeds via the conversion of chorismate to arogenate via the action of a prephenate amino transferase and the subsequent conversion of arogenate to Phe via the action of arogenate dehydratase (Patel et al, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 1, G-Protein Gα-Subunit 1, and Prephenate Dehydratase 1 Are Required for Blue Light-Induced Production of Phenylalanine in Etiolated Arabidopsis

et al. 2006

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Different classes of plant hormones and different wavelengths of light act through specific signal transduction mechanisms to coordinate higher plant development. A specific prephenate dehydratase protein (PD1) was discovered to have a strong interaction with the sole canonical G-protein Gα-subunit (GPA1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). PD1 is a protein located in the cytosol, present in etiolated seedlings, with a specific role in blue light-mediated synthesis of phenylpyruvate and subsequently of phenylalanine (Phe). Insertion mutagenesis confirms that GPA1 and the sole canonical G-protein-coupled receptor (GCR1) in Arabidopsis also have a role in this blue light-mediated event. In vitro analyses indicate that the increase in PD1 activity is the direct and specific consequence of its interaction with activated GPA1. Because of their shared role in the light-mediated synthesis of phenylpyruvate and Phe, because they are iteratively interactive, and because activated GPA1 is directly responsible for the activation of PD1; GCR1, GPA1, and PD1 form all of or part of a signal transduction mechanism responsible for the light-mediated synthesis of phenylpyruvate, Phe, and those metabolites that derive from that Phe. Data are also presented to confirm that abscisic acid can act through the same pathway. An additional outcome of the work is the confirmation that phenylpyruvate acts as the intermediate in the synthesis of Phe in etiolated plants, as it commonly does in bacteria and fungi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochemical and genetic studies confirm that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has three chorismate mutase genes (Romero et al, 1995). Two of the encoded proteins locate to the plastid (CM1 and CM3) and one is cytosolic (CM2; Eberhard et al, 1996;Mobley et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 1, G-Protein Gα-Subunit 1, and Prephenate Dehydratase 1 Are Required for Blue Light-Induced Production of Phenylalanine in Etiolated Arabidopsis

et al. 2006

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“…Within the postchorismate pathway, Phe feedback regulates CM and ADT (or PDT), which in turn control the partitioning of carbon flow between the pathways leading to Phe, Tyr, and Trp in both microbes and plants (Figure 1; Gilchris et al, 1972;Jung et al, 1986;Siehl and Conn, 1988;Romero et al, 1995;Yamada et al, 2008). DAHP synthase catalyzes the entry step of the shikimate pathway and in microorganisms is regulated transcriptionally and is also subjected to feedback regulation by Phe at the enzyme level (Bentley, 1990;Herrmann and Weaver, 1999).…”

Section: Regulation Of the Shikimate Pathway Leading To Phe Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi Suppression of Arogenate Dehydratase1 Reveals That Phenylalanine Is Synthesized Predominantly via the Arogenate Pathway in Petunia Petals

et al. 2010

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L-Phe, a protein building block and precursor of numerous phenolic compounds, is synthesized from prephenate via an arogenate and/or phenylpyruvate route in which arogenate dehydratase (ADT) or prephenate dehydratase, respectively, plays a key role. Here, we used Petunia hybrida flowers, which are rich in Phe-derived volatiles, to determine the biosynthetic routes involved in Phe formation in planta. Of the three identified petunia ADTs, expression of ADT1 was the highest in petunia petals and positively correlated with endogenous Phe levels throughout flower development. ADT1 showed strict substrate specificity toward arogenate, although with the lowest catalytic efficiency among the three ADTs. ADT1 suppression via RNA interference in petunia petals significantly reduced ADT activity, levels of Phe, and downstream phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatiles. Unexpectedly, arogenate levels were unaltered, while shikimate and Trp levels were decreased in transgenic petals. Stable isotope labeling experiments showed that ADT1 suppression led to downregulation of carbon flux toward shikimic acid. However, an exogenous supply of shikimate bypassed this negative regulation and resulted in elevated arogenate accumulation. Feeding with shikimate also led to prephenate and phenylpyruvate accumulation and a partial recovery of the reduced Phe level in transgenic petals, suggesting that the phenylpyruvate route can also operate in planta. These results provide genetic evidence that Phe is synthesized predominantly via arogenate in petunia petals and uncover a novel posttranscriptional regulation of the shikimate pathway.

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“…All plants investigated to date have at least two isoforms of CM; one isoform localized in the cytosol and the other in the plastids (Romero et al 1995). The isoforms in the plastids have been demonstrated to be activated by Trp (Eberhard et al 1996;Singh et al 1986).…”

Section: Interaction Between the Pathways For Trp And Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics for metabolically manipulated plants: effects of tryptophan overproduction

et al. 2007

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Advances in molecular breeding technologies have enabled manipulation of the concentrations of specific plant components by modifying the genes that play a key role in their production. This has provided new opportunities to enhance the nutritional quality of major crops. However, given that metabolic pathways form a highly integrated network, any alteration in a given biosynthetic pathway is most likely to effect secondary and unpredicted changes in the metabolite profile of other pathways. Metabolomics technologies can contribute to the efficient detection of such unexpected effects caused by genetic modification. This has relevance not only from the perspective of safety evaluations of newly developed crops, but to basic science focused on uncovering hitherto unknown regulatory mechanisms associated with the biosynthesis and catabolism of primary and secondary metabolites in plants. In this review, recent advances in plant metabolic engineering for the overproduction of tryptophan (Trp), one of the essential amino acids, are described. In particular, the efficacy of a transgene OASA1D that encodes a mutant anthranilate synthase (AS) a subunit of rice in specifically elevating levels of Trp without marked secondary effects on the metabolite profile of rice is demonstrated. Related topics, such as regulation of Trp biosynthesis, possible interactions between the biosyntheses of Trp and other aromatic amino acids, and translocation of Trp in are discussed based on findings derived from metabolomic analyses of Trp-overproducing transgenic plants.

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Chorismate mutase in microorganisms and plants

Cited by 74 publications

References 106 publications

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 1, G-Protein Gα-Subunit 1, and Prephenate Dehydratase 1 Are Required for Blue Light-Induced Production of Phenylalanine in Etiolated Arabidopsis

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 1, G-Protein Gα-Subunit 1, and Prephenate Dehydratase 1 Are Required for Blue Light-Induced Production of Phenylalanine in Etiolated Arabidopsis

RNAi Suppression of Arogenate Dehydratase1 Reveals That Phenylalanine Is Synthesized Predominantly via the Arogenate Pathway in Petunia Petals

Metabolomics for metabolically manipulated plants: effects of tryptophan overproduction

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