Chorionic gonadotrophin and embryo-maternal recognition during the peri-implantation period in primates

Hearn, Jack; Webley, G. E.; Gidley-Baird, A. A.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0920497

Cited by 62 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Despite similar requirement, the biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms by which corpus luteum (CL) is maintained for continued P4 production differs from species to species. In higher primates including humans, CL is maintained by a luteotrophic factor, chorionic gonadotropin (CG), produced by the TE cells as they face and invade the uterine epithelium, in the process required for implantation (Hearn et al 1991). In rodents, CL is prolonged through the release of copulation-induced pituitary prolactin surges (Soares et al 1991).…”

Section: Mechanisms Associated With Continuation Of Progesterone Secrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium

Imakawa

Bai

Fujiwara

et al. 2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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As placental morphology as well as trophoblast characteristics exhibit wide diversity across mammalian species, underling molecules were also thought to vary greatly. In the majority of cases, however, regardless of the mode of implantation, physiological and biochemical processes in conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium including the kinds of gene expression and their products are now considered to share many similarities. In fact, recent progress has identified that in addition to the hormones, cytokines, proteases and cell adhesion molecules classically characterized, molecules related to lymphocyte homing and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are all required for the progression of conceptus implantation to placentation. In this review, therefore, the newest findings are all incorporated into the molecular and cellular events related to conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium; primarily from non-invasive bovine placentation and also from invasive human implantation.

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Section: Mechanisms Associated With Continuation Of Progesterone Secrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium

Imakawa

Bai

Fujiwara

et al. 2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Therefore, the transcriptional event creating wrLH 1 mRNA, and hence wrLH 2, must have occurred within a gamete or early conceptus. While there appears to be no evidence in extant species for CG synthesis in gametes, expression of CG and LH/CG genes by conceptus trophoblast cells is well documented in primates and equids respectively (Baird et al 1991, Woodward et al 1993, Hoppen 1994. Furthermore, the inner cell mass, which gives rise to germline cells, is supplemented with cells dividing from the trophoblast layer before germline differentiation (Pederson et al 1986, Fleming 1987.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CG expression is widespread throughout the order Primates (Crawford et al 1986, Gwenda et al 1990, Hearn et al 1991, Steinetz et al 1992, Seshagiri & Hearn 1993, Summers et al 1993. However, it is not known whether placental CG expression is similarly widespread within the order Perissodactyla, which is composed of three extant families, Equidae, Rhinocerotidae and Tapiridae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplication of the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene

Lund

Sherman²

1998

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Luteotropic glycoprotein hormones (LGH) include luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). The order Primates is the only phylogenetic clad known to exhibit more than one LGH subunit gene per haploid genome. In the present study, we report the discovery of a second case of LGH gene replication, in the white (w) rhinoceros (r or rhino). The presence of more than one gene was strongly suggested by a complex banding pattern observed on Southern blots of DNA prepared from two unrelated white rhinos. The existence of two LGH genes per haploid genome was estimated by genomic equivalence assay. However, genomic restriction-site mapping studies, together with other findings, suggested that the replicates are probably not tandemly arranged as occurs in primates. A simple band pattern was observed in Southern blots of four other perissodactyl species, indicating that a single-copy LH gene is the consensus condition. Two distinct white rhino LH genomic clones (wrLH 1 and wrLH 2) were isolated. The nucleotide sequence of wrLH 1 was identical with that of wrLH 2, except that the latter lacked the consensus mammalian LGH second intron. Sequences of the TATA-containing proximal 5 -flanking regions of the two genes were homologous to at least 57 relative to the site of pituitary transcriptional initiation. We conclude that wrLH 1 is the extant form of the ancestral perissodactyl LH gene, whereas wrLH 2 is a randomly integrated cDNA element (processed gene) reverse transcribed from a partially spliced ancestral wrLH 1 mRNA. That wrLH 2 was heritable demonstrates that wrLH 1 was transcribed in gametes or early conceptus cells contributing to the germline at some point in time since the divergence of white rhinos from other members of the family Rhinocerotidae. Furthermore, because homologous proximal (pituitary) promoter sequence is present in wrLH 2, it can be concluded that the wrLH 1 mRNA template from which wrLH 2 is derived was transcribed from a secondary promoter located upstream of the consensus TATA-regulated pituitary promoter.

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“…Pig embryos secrete oestrogen (Flint et al 1978), whereas ruminant embryos produce an interferon (Spencer et al 2004) to suppress uterine production of the luteolytic factor prostaglandin F 2α . Primate (Hearn et al 1991) and horse (Allen 1978) embryos produce a chorionic gonadotrophin that directly stimulates luteal progesterone production. In rodents, mating alone produces a prolonged luteal phase (pseudopregnancy) and then placental lactogens, which are produced in the second half of gestation, have luteotrophic effects (Forsyth 1994).…”

Section: Nutritional and Endocrine Functions Of The Placentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental function in development and disease

Cross

2006

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

112

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Abstract. The placenta is an organ that clinicians and embryologists would all agree is important for pregnancy success. Unfortunately, however, they too often ignore it when they are exploring causes for embryonic, fetal and perinatal complications. The core function of the placenta is to mediate the transport of nutrients between the maternal and fetal circulation, but it also has critical endocrine functions that alter different maternal physiological systems in order to sustain pregnancy. Both its development and ongoing functions can be dynamically regulated by environmental factors, including nutrient status and tissue oxygenation. In recent years, mainstream attention has begun to shift onto the placenta and it is now becoming clear that placental pathology is associated with several complications in human and animal pregnancies, including embryonic lethality, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia and the high rates of fetal deaths observed after nuclear transfer (cloning).

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Chorionic gonadotrophin and embryo-maternal recognition during the peri-implantation period in primates

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium

Continuous model of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium

Duplication of the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) luteinizing hormone beta subunit gene

Placental function in development and disease

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