Chordotonal organs

Kavlie, Ryan G.; Albert, Joerg T.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.048

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In insects with bat-detecting ears, auditory organs apparently evolved from chordotonal organs, which are sensory organs specific to insects and crustaceans that contain neurons sensitive to body movements (Kavlie and Albert, 2013). Chordotonal organs are dispersed throughout the body, explaining why ears are found in many different locations in insects Yack and Dawson, 2008;Fig.…”

Section: Anti-predator Adaptations the Evolutionary Origins Of Bat-dementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary escalation: the bat–moth arms race

Hofstede

Ratcliffe

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Echolocation in bats and high-frequency hearing in their insect prey make bats and insects an ideal system for studying the sensory ecology and neuroethology of predator-prey interactions. Here, we review the evolutionary history of bats and eared insects, focusing on the insect order Lepidoptera, and consider the evidence for antipredator adaptations and predator counter-adaptations. Ears evolved in a remarkable number of body locations across insects, with the original selection pressure for ears differing between groups. Although cause and effect are difficult to determine, correlations between hearing and life history strategies in moths provide evidence for how these two variables influence each other. We consider life history variables such as size, sex, circadian and seasonal activity patterns, geographic range and the composition of sympatric bat communities. We also review hypotheses on the neural basis for antipredator behaviours (such as evasive flight and sound production) in moths. It is assumed that these prey adaptations would select for counter-adaptations in predatory bats. We suggest two levels of support for classifying bat traits as counter-adaptations: traits that allow bats to eat more eared prey than expected based on their availability in the environment provide a low level of support for counter-adaptations, whereas traits that have no other plausible explanation for their origination and maintenance than capturing defended prey constitute a high level of support. Specific predator counter-adaptations include calling at frequencies outside the sensitivity range of most eared prey, changing the pattern and frequency of echolocation calls during prey pursuit, and quiet, or 'stealth', echolocation.

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Section: Anti-predator Adaptations the Evolutionary Origins Of Bat-dementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary escalation: the bat–moth arms race

Hofstede

Ratcliffe

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Considering the broad expression of serotonergic receptors in sensory organs, it is 503 interesting that one of the behavioral roles of serotonin we identified is its ability to mediate the 504 response to vibration. Vibration is sensed by the chordotonal organ, and our expression 505 analysis reveals that serotonin receptors are expressed to different extents in chordotonal 506 neurons [100][101][102]. Together, these observations suggest that modulation of sensory 507 information as it is entering the VNC plays a key role in how serotonin modulates the response 508 to a vibration stimulus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Serotonergic modulation of walking inDrosophila

Howard

Chen

Tabachnik

et al. 2019

Preprint

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16To navigate complex environments, animals must generate highly robust, yet flexible, locomotor 17 behaviors. For example, walking speed must be tailored to the needs of a particular 18 environment: Not only must animals choose the correct speed and gait, they must also rapidly 19 adapt to changing conditions, and respond to sudden and surprising new stimuli. 20Neuromodulators, particularly the small biogenic amine neurotransmitters, allow motor circuits 21 to rapidly alter their output by changing their functional connectivity. Here we show that the 22 serotonergic system in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, can modulate walking speed in 23 a variety of contexts and in response to sudden changes in the environment. These multifaceted 24 roles of serotonin in locomotion are differentially mediated by a family of serotonergic receptors 25 with distinct activities and expression patterns. 27walk forwards, backwards, and upside down, navigate complex terrains, and rapidly recover 31 after injury [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. To achieve this wide range of behaviors, insects regulate their global walking 32 speed and kinematic parameters, allowing them to modify stereotyped gaits as needed [3,5-33 7,9,10]. Because overlapping sets of motor neurons and muscles are recruited for all of these 34 behaviors, animals must be able to rapidly modulate the circuit dynamics that control locomotor 35 parameters [11-13] (reviewed in [14]). 36As with limbed vertebrates, most insects use multi-jointed legs to walk [8,10,[15][16][17]. Locomotor 37 circuits that orchestrate these complex gaits are located in the ventral nerve cord (VNC), a 38 functional analogue of the vertebrate spinal cord that includes three pairs of thoracic 39 neuromeres (T1, T2, and T3) that coordinate the movements of the three pairs of thoracic legs 40 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][18][19][20]. The insect VNC receives descending commands from the brain and sends motor 41 output instructions via motor neurons to peripheral musculature [3,[5][6][7]9,10,19]. Leg motor 42 neuron dendrites innervate the leg neuropils within the VNC and their axons exit the VNC to 43 synapse onto muscles in the appendages [11][12][13]21,22]. Sensory neurons, which convey 44 proprioceptive and tactile information, project axons from the appendages to the VNC by these 45 same fiber tracts, where they arborize in the leg neuropils [14,23,24] ( Figure 1A). Notably, the 46 VNC is capable of executing coordinated leg motor behaviors, such as walking and grooming, 48 drive the coordinated flexion and extension of each leg joint and, therefore, walking gaits 49 [8,10,17,20,26]. 50Numerous studies have shown that sensory input from the legs are required for robust 51 and stereotyped locomotor patterns, regulating both the timing and magnitude of locomotor 52 activity and also facilitating coordination between legs [6,8,10,12,[27][28][29]. However, sensory 53 feedback cannot be the only means for tuning locomotion: mutation of proprioceptive receptors 54 or even deafferenting limbs d...

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“…7.2B ). Belonging to the group of chordotonal organs Kavlie and Albert 2013 ), JO is formed by an array of approximately 200 scolopidia (see also Kamikouchi and Ishikawa,Chapter 10 ). Each scolopidium of JO typically comprises one to three neurons (JO-Ns) and three support cells (JO-SCs).…”

Section: Studying Amets In Drosophila : Current Insights and Ongoing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect Hearing

2016

Springer Handbook of Auditory Research

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Chordotonal organs

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Evolutionary escalation: the bat–moth arms race

Evolutionary escalation: the bat–moth arms race

Serotonergic modulation of walking inDrosophila

Insect Hearing

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