Choosing the right pharmacotherapeutic strategy for HIV maintenance in patients with alcohol addiction

Kodidela, Sunitha; Kumar, Santosh

doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1574748

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…These complications are further exacerbated in the presence of substance abuse [13,14]. Substance abuse, particularly alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking, is known to exacerbate HIV replication and its associated complications [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Given that these early pathological changes are asymptomatic, rather than relying on clinical manifestations, biomarkers are necessary for early identification and for follow up of future cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulatory Astrocyte and Neuronal EVs as Potential Biomarkers of Neurological Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Subjects and Alcohol/Tobacco Users

et al. 2020

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The diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV infection, alcohol, and tobacco using CSF or neuroimaging are invasive or expensive methods, respectively. Therefore, extracellular vesicles (EVs) can serve as reliable noninvasive markers due to their bidirectional transport of cargo from the brain to the systemic circulation. Hence, our objective was to investigate the expression of astrocytic (GFAP) and neuronal (L1CAM) specific proteins in EVs circulated in the plasma of HIV subjects, with and without a history of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking. The protein expression of GFAP (p < 0.01) was significantly enhanced in plasma EVs obtained from HIV-positive subjects and alcohol users compared to healthy subjects, suggesting enhanced activation of astrocytes in those subjects. The L1CAM expression was found to be significantly elevated in cigarette smokers (p < 0.05). However, its expression was not found to be significant in HIV subjects and alcohol users. Both GFAP and L1CAM levels were not further elevated in HIV-positive alcohol or tobacco users compared to HIV-positive nonsubstance users. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the astrocytic and neuronal-specific markers (GFAP and L1CAM) can be packaged in EVs and circulate in plasma, which is further elevated in the presence of HIV infection, alcohol, and/or tobacco. Thus, the astroglial marker GFAP and neuronal marker L1CAM may represent potential biomarkers targeting neurological dysfunction upon HIV infection and/or alcohol/tobacco consumption.

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