Choosing the Ideal Length of a Double-Pigtail Ureteral Stent according to Body Height: Study Based on a Chinese Population

Ho, Chen Hsun; Huang, Kuo‐How; Chen, Shyh Chyan; Pu, Yeong-Shiau; Liu, Shih‐Ping; Yu, Hong‐Jeng

doi:10.1159/000224872

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The appropriate stent length was determined in 408 Chinese patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy and stent insertion [11]. Their conclusions suggested that the ideal stent length is 22 cm for patients <175 cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a 22 cm Ureteric Stent Appropriate for Korean Patients Smaller than 175 cm in Height?

et al. 2010

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PurposeDetermining the ideal length of a ureteric stent is important to avoid complications associated with stent placement. Clinically, most urologists usually choose the length of a ureteric stent according to the patient's height. On the basis of a Chinese population study, a 22 cm ureteric stent has been recommended for patients smaller than 175 cm. We evaluated the appropriateness of this recommendation in Korean patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 70 patients who were smaller than 175 cm and who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy and ureteric stent insertion were studied. The appropriateness of the stent length was determined on the basis of plain film findings. Patient discomfort was measured by use of a visual analogue scale (VAS) before the removal of the ureteric stent.ResultsIn 29 patients with a 22 cm ureteric stent, 21 patients (72.4%) had an appropriate ureteric stent length and the mean VAS was 4.1. In 36 patients with a 24 cm ureteric stent, 20 patients (55.6%) had an appropriate ureteric stent length and the mean VAS was 4.0. Among 5 patients with a 26 cm ureteric stent, 1 patient (20%) had an appropriate ureteric stent length and the mean VAS was 5.4.ConclusionsIn Korean patients smaller than 175 cm in height, a 22 cm ureteric stent was an appropriate length.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a 22 cm Ureteric Stent Appropriate for Korean Patients Smaller than 175 cm in Height?

et al. 2010

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“…Various studies have shown the association between BH and the ureteral length or the ureteral stent position [3, 16, 19, 20]. However, Shah et al demonstrated that they were not significantly associated [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placement of a stent that is too long often causes complications, such as frequent or urgent urination, incontinence, hematuria, and bladder or flank pain, which have a negative impact on quality of life of patients [3–9]. Conversely, a short ureteral stent increases the risk of migration, resulting in complications that require retraction and replacement [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a preoperative predictive model for ureteral length for ureteral stent insertion

et al. 2016

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BackgroundUreteral stenting has been a fundamental part of various urological procedures. Selecting a ureteral stent of optimal length is important for decreasing the incidence of stent migration and complications. The aim of the present study was to develop and internally validate a model for predicting the ureteral length for ureteral stent insertion.MethodsThis study included a total of 127 patients whose ureters had previously been assessed by both intravenous urography (IVU) and CT scan. The actual ureteral length was determined by direct measurement using a 5-Fr ureteral catheter. Multiple linear regression analysis with backward selection was used to model the relationship between the factors analyzed and actual ureteral length. Bootstrapping was used to internally validate the predictive model.ResultsPatients all of whom had stone disease included 76 men (59.8%) and 51 women (40.2%), with the median and mean (± SD) ages of 60 and 58.7 (±14.2) years. In these patients, 53 (41.7%) right and 74 (58.3%) left ureters were analyzed. The median and mean (± SD) actual ureteral lengths were 24.0 and 23.3 (±2.0) cm, respectively. Using the bootstrap methods for internal validation, the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.57 ± 0.07.ConclusionWe have developed a predictive model, for the first time, which predicts ureteral length using the following five preoperative characteristics: age, side, sex, IVU measurement, and CT calculation. This predictive model can be used to reliably predict ureteral length based on clinical and radiological factors and may thus be a useful tool to help determining the optimal length of ureteral stent.

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“…Predicting the actual ureteral length is important for selecting the appropriate length of ureteral stent. The ac- tual ureteral length has been estimated based on body height, body habitus, intravenous urography (IVU) and directly measured with a guidewire or ureteral catheter [3,6,17,[22][23][24] . Pilcher and Patel [25] reported that direct ureteral measurement would cause the majority of stents to be too long.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ureteral stent is now a fundamental part of many urological procedures for obstructing ureteral calculi, ureteral stricture, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, retroperitoneal tumor or fibrosis, or that developing after open or endoscopic ureteral surgery [2] . A longer stent can result in unpleasant side effects, such as urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, hematuria, bladder pain and flank pain, which have a negative impact on a patient's quality of life [3][4][5] . However, a shorter stent may increase the risk of migration to the ureter, which results in complications that require retraction and replacement of the stent [6,7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing an Appropriate Length of Loop Type Ureteral Stent Using Direct Ureteral Length Measurement

Kawahara¹,

Ito

Terao

et al. 2011

Urol Int

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Purpose: The ureteral stent is now a fundamental part of many urological procedures. To decrease ureteral stent-related symptoms, loop type ureteral stent was developed. However the most important factor to decrease urinary symptoms is choosing the optimal length of a ureteral stent. We investigated the relationship between the actual ureteral length and the loop type ureteral stent position. Materials and Methods: A total of 226 loop type polyurethane ureteral stents (156 patients) were inserted with four options for stent length (20, 22, 24 and 26 cm). The ureteral length was measured using a ruled 5-Fr ureteral catheter. The appropriateness of stent position was defined into three groups based on kidney-ureter-bladder films. Results: Nine stents (3.9%) migrated, 171 stents (75.7%) were in the appropriate position and 46 stents (19.5%) were overlong. The rate of migration rate and overlong stents closely correlated with the ureteral length when the proximal end of the stent was in the renal pelvis. Conclusions: It is appropriate to choose a loop type ureteral stent that is the same or 1 cm less than the length of the ureter when the proximal end of the stent will be in the renal pelvis.

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Choosing the Ideal Length of a Double-Pigtail Ureteral Stent according to Body Height: Study Based on a Chinese Population

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Is a 22 cm Ureteric Stent Appropriate for Korean Patients Smaller than 175 cm in Height?

Is a 22 cm Ureteric Stent Appropriate for Korean Patients Smaller than 175 cm in Height?

Developing a preoperative predictive model for ureteral length for ureteral stent insertion

Choosing an Appropriate Length of Loop Type Ureteral Stent Using Direct Ureteral Length Measurement

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