“…Animated pedagogical agents can be defined as animated computergenerated characters that respond to user input, adapt to user behaviour, and facilitate learning in a computer-based learning environment (Johnson, Shaw, & Ganeshan, 1998). Given the growing role of course management systems and e-learning in distance education (Holmes & Gardner, 2006;Stewart, Gismondi, Heller, Kennepohl, McGreal, & Nelson, 2007), it is important to examine the claims surrounding the benefits of APAs and the possible role that APAs could play in distance education. Johnson, Rickel, and Lester (2000) argue that APAs were created when animated interface agents were combined with intelligent tutor systems (ITSs), the de facto standard of computer-based learning environments.…”