Choosing crime: Close your eyes and take your chances

Tunnell, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1080/07418829000090811

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the findings of Tunnell 29 in a criminology study that criminal offenders primarily think about positive consequences and little about negative consequences-approximately 60% of the criminals interviewed said they simply did not think about the possible legal consequences of their criminal actions before committing the crimes. Interestingly, studies on user behavior at online social networking sites 1,9 found similar results that the benefits of social networking outweigh the risks of privacy concerns and users seem to ascribe the risks more to others than to themselves.…”

Section: Does Deterrence Really Work?supporting

confidence: 86%

Does deterrence work in reducing information security policy abuse by employees?

et al. 2011

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54 CoMM uniCAT ions of T h e AC M | j uN e 2 0 1 1 | voL . 5 4 | No. 6 practice h acK iNG iN to c o rP o r at e IT systems and individuals' computers is no longer a sport for bragging rights, but a major organized economic activity aiming for significant profits controlled largely by underground networks of criminals and organized crime on a global scale. 2 The financial impact of the computer crimes and related activities is estimated at over one trillion dollars each year worldwide. 17 Unfortunately, despite significant advances in hardware and software technologies against computer and network offenses, in the digital security ecosystem around any organization, human agents are still the weakest link in the defense against outside attacks and the most dangerous to the organizations from within. Indeed, the effectiveness of other elements in the security system, such as security technology, organizational policies and procedures, as well as government regulations, are largely dependent on the effort of the human agents, especially those who work within the organizations.While the media headlines tend to focus on the spectacular events perpetrated by external hackers, employees inside an organization often pose silent but more dangerous threats than those outside the organization, 30 due to their intimate knowledge about the organizational systems and the permissions they receive either properly or improperly for their work activities. In a recent survey of IT managers of global companies, 60% of the respondents said employee misconduct involving information systems (IS) is a top concern about information security. 11 The 2008 CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey shows that 44% of respondents reported insider abuse of computer systems, making it the second most frequent form of security breach, only slightly behind virus incidents (49%), but well above the 29% of respondents who reported unauthorized access from external sources. 22 In this study, we focus on information security policy violations by employees in organizational settings. Employee information security policy violations vary widely in motives, forms, targets, and consequences. We define information security policy violation as any act by an employee using computers that is against the established rules and policies of an organization for personal gains. By this definition, information security policy violations include but are not limited to unauthorized access to data and systems, unauthorized copying or transferring of confidential data, or selling confidential data to a third party for personal gains, and so forth. With this focus, two questions have been central to research and practice in information security in the last two decades: Why do employees go rogue and commit policy violations, and what could

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Section: Does Deterrence Really Work?supporting

confidence: 86%

Does deterrence work in reducing information security policy abuse by employees?

et al. 2011

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“…When youths compared adult and juvenile sanctions, those who did not have deep-end juvenile experience were likely to report that the adult sanction was more beneficial-usually because of the longer "time" associated with the adult experience or because they did not want to experience the pain of prison again (see Tunnell, 1990). Those who were housed in a special adult program at the Jacksonville Jail, which retained some of the treatment components characteristic of the juvenile justice system, were most positive about the adult experience.…”

Section: Summarizing Our Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research with adult offenders indicates that when on the outside, they sometimes "forget" about the possible legal consequences of their actions and instead think primarily of the good things that will come from crime therefore continuing their behavior (Tunnell, 1990). Consequently, when talking about their current punishment, they really were discussing their expectations about the behavioral effects of the sanction.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that 10-20-life." When youths compared adult and juvenile sanctions, those who did not have deep-end juvenile experience were likely to report that the adult sanction was more beneficial-usually because of the longer "time" associated with the adult experience or because they did not want to experience the pain of prison again (see Tunnell, 1990).…”

Section: Summarizing Our Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adult Versus Juvenile Sanctions: Voices of Incarcerated Youths

Lane¹,

Lanza‐Kaduce²,

Frazier

et al. 2002

Crime & Delinquency

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This article reports findings from face-to-face interviews with youthful offenders inFlorida, about half of whom had been transferred to the adult system and half of whom were retained in the juvenile system. The focus is on the youths'global assessments of the impact of their correctional experiences relevant to subsequent offending. The overall impact of each recalled correctional disposition was rated (ranging from beneficial impact to negative impact). For respondents who had experienced multiple correctional dispositions, comparisons were made about the relative impact of low-end versus deepend juvenile commitments and juvenile versus adult sanctions. Youths believed deep-end juvenile placements were most beneficial. Those programs were viewed as having provided education or life skills. When youths viewed adult sanctions as being beneficial, the benefit was linked to the time and pain of prison confinement. Those youths who attributed positive impact to prison had "skipped" deep-end juvenile placements.We do not hesitate to ask what researchers, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officers, juvenile advocates, and others involved with young offenders think about the relative value of juvenile and criminal sanctions. However, we rarely ask what those who experience the respective sanctions think. We know little about how different sanctions are viewed by youthful offenders or how they think their behaviors will be affected. In perhaps no other area of human endeavor would we so consistently and so confidently ignore the opinions of those on the receiving end of social action. 431 JODI LANE:

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“…The process by which potential offenders learn about criminal sanctions is not well-studied. There is some evidence (Pogarsky, et al 2004;Tunnell 1996) that potential criminals often have very noisy information about penalties they may face. Other work (Cook 1980) suggests that potential criminals may learn of law changes through the media and will change behavior even with imperfect knowledge of new sanctions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%