Chondroprotective Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 in  Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes and a Rat Model  of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection

Cheng, Wendan; Jing, Juehua; Wang, Zhen; Wu, Dongying; Huang, Yu‐Min

doi:10.3390/nu9030263

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…In present studies, the doses of Rg1 usually ranged from 10 to 40 mg/kg in animal models, and 10 to 40 μM in cells [ 16 , 17 , 21 , 23 , 42 , 47 ]. In this work, we investigated the effect of Rg1 at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg in an animal, and found that both doses could ameliorate HFD-induced obesity, but the effect of 20 mg/kg Rg1 was more significant than 10 mg/kg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Rg1 exists both in Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefoliu , and is especially abundant in the leaves of Panax quinquefoliu [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. It has been found that Rg1 can reduce oxidative damage in liver as antioxidants, promote the capability of learning and memory, and can also be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes [ 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 ]. Additionally, it was shown that Rg1 increased plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, and protected mice from dietary-induced obesity via activation of the AMPK pathway [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiobesity Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Mediated by AMPK

et al. 2018

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Ginsenosides Rg1 is one of the major pharmacologically active saponins in ginseng, which as an antioxidant reduces oxidative damage in the liver and can also be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, there is no research targeting the effect of lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Rg1 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells and HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Administration of Rg1 to HFD-induced obese mice significantly decreased body weight, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride levels. In addition to effects in 3T3-L1 cells, Rg1 reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Rg1 exhibits an anti-adipogenic effect via regulation of the expression of the transcriptional factors and lipid metabolism-related genes in vivo and in vitro. We observed that Rg1 administration significantly increased the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in both epididymal white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicated that Rg1 works both in an anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity manner through inducing AMPK activation, inhibiting lipogenesis, and decreasing intracellular lipid content, adipocyte size, and adipose weight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiobesity Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Mediated by AMPK

et al. 2018

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“…Chang et al investigated the chondroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) in human OA patients and an OA rat model by preparing articular chondrocytes from OA patients and an OA rat model that underwent ACLT. Histological analyses showed that G-Rg1 suppressed gene and protein expression of MMP-13, COX-2, and prostaglandin E 2 and prevented the degradation of COLII and aggrecan in IL-1β–stimulated human OA articular chondrocytes [56]. G-Rg1 also ameliorated OA symptoms in ACLT OA rats by attenuating cartilage degradation and decreasing COLII loss and MMP-13 level [56].…”

Section: Effects Of Ginseng and Ginsenosides In Rheumatic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on rheumatic diseases

2019

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Background Inflammation is a host-defensive innate immune response to protect the body from pathogenic agents and danger signals induced by cellular changes. Although inflammation is a host-defense mechanism, chronic inflammation is considered a major risk factor for the development of a variety of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases are systemic inflammatory and degenerative diseases that primarily affect connective tissues and are characterized by severe chronic inflammation and degeneration of connective tissues. Ginseng and its bioactive ingredients, genocides, have been demonstrated to have antiinflammatory activity and pharmacological effects on various rheumatic diseases by inhibiting the expression and production of inflammatory mediators. Methods Literature in this review was searched in a PubMed site of National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results The studies reporting the preventive and therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases were discussed and summarized. Conclusion Ginseng and ginsenosides play an ameliorative role on rheumatic diseases, and this review provides new insights into ginseng and ginsenosides as promising agents to prevent and treat rheumatic diseases.

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“…Saponin is a kind of bioactive substance with a range of physiological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and anti-fatigue effects [ 14 , 15 ]. Various saponins have disparate physiological activities as a result of diverse skeletons and sugar moieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel thermostable and xylose-tolerant GH 39 β-xylosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum

et al. 2018

BMC Biotechnol

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Backgroundβ-D-xylosidase is a vital exoglycosidase with the ability to hydrolyze xylooligosaccharides to xylose and to biotransform some saponins by cleaving outer β-xylose. β-D-xylosidase is widely used as one of the xylanolytic enzymes in a diverse range of applications, such as fuel, food and the pharmaceutical industry; therefore, more and more studies have focused on the thermostable and xylose-tolerant β-D-xylosidases.ResultsA thermostable β-xylosidase gene (xln-DT) of 1509 bp was cloned from Dictyoglomus thermophilum and expressed in E.coli BL21. According to the amino acid and phylogeny analyses, the β-xylosidase Xln-DT is a novel β-xylosidase of the GH family 39. The recombinant β-xylosidase was purified, showing unique bands on SDS-PAGE, and had a protein molecular weight of 58.7 kDa. The β-xylosidase Xln-DT showed an optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 75 °C, with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX) as a substrate. Xln-DT displayed stability over a pH range of 4.0-7.5 for 24 h and displayed thermotolerance below 85 °C. The values of the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax for pNPX were 1.66 mM and 78.46 U/mg, respectively. In particular, Xln-DT displayed high tolerance to xylose, with 60% activity in the presence of 3 M xylose. Xln-DT showed significant effects on the hydrolyzation of xylobiose. After 3 h, all the xylobiose tested was degraded into xylose. Moreover, β-xylosidase Xln-DT had a high selectivity for cleaving the outer xylose moieties of natural saponins, such as notoginsenoside R1 and astragaloside IV, which produced the ginsenoside Rg1 with stronger anti-fatigue activity and produced cycloastragenol with stronger anti-aging activity, respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a novel GH 39 β-xylosidase displaying extraordinary properties of highly catalytic activity at temperatures above 75 °C, remarkable hydrolyzing activity of xylooligosaccharides and rare saponins producing ability in the pharmaceutical and commercial industries.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0440-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Chondroprotective Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes and a Rat Model of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Antiobesity Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Mediated by AMPK

Antiobesity Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Mediated by AMPK

Ameliorative effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on rheumatic diseases

Characterization of a novel thermostable and xylose-tolerant GH 39 β-xylosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum

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