Chondroprotection and Molecular Mechanism of Action of Phytonutraceuticals on Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and an important cause of incapacitation. There is a lack of drugs and effective treatments that stop or slow the OA progression. Modern pharmacological treatments, such as analgesics, have analgesic effects but do not affect the course of OA. Long-term use of these drugs can lead to serious side effects. Given the OA nature, it is likely that lifelong treatment will be required to stop or slow its progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for disease-modifying OA treatments that are also safe for clinical use over long periods. Phytonutraceuticals are herbal products that provide a therapeutic effect, including disease prevention, which not only have favorable safety characteristics but may have an alleviating effect on the OA and its symptoms. An estimated 47% of OA patients use alternative drugs, including phytonutraceuticals. The review studies the efficacy and action mechanism of widely used phytonutraceuticals, analyzes the available experimental and clinical data on the effect of some phytonutraceuticals (phytoflavonoids, polyphenols, and bioflavonoids) on OA, and examines the known molecular effect and the possibility of their use for chondroprotection.

Bilobalide Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Chondrocytes Through the AMPK/SIRT1/mTOR Pathway to Attenuate ACLT-Induced Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Rats

“…Notably, plant extracts have attracted a lot of attention due to their safe and diverse biological activities ( Sukhikh et al, 2021 ) ( Henrotin and Mobasheri, 2018 ). Ginkgo biloba L. extract is one of the most widely used botanical drugs in the world ( Achete de Souza et al, 2020 ).…”

Natural product, bilobalide, improves joint health in rabbits with osteoarthritis by anti-matrix degradation and antioxidant activities

“…At present, its pathogenesis is unclear but, involves changes in the microenvironment of the entire joint tissue ( 31 ). Natural products with cartilage repair, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties are also widely used to prevent or treat OA ( 32 , 33 ). In this study, we found that bilobalide inhibited the protein levels of papain-induced MMP-3 and MMP-13 in rabbit cartilage tissue and the expressions of IL-1, TNF-α, CTX-II and COMP in sera by up-regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the cartilage.…”

Cichoric Acid May Play a Role in Protecting Hair Cells from Ototoxic Drugs

“…Although naturally occurring phenolic compounds exhibit great pharmacotherapeutic efficacy, the dose-dependent toxic effect of CA must be determined with the intention of reducing undesirable properties [ 31 , 32 ]. Herein, CA concentrations ranging from 0–30 μM were assessed with time-dependent analysis.…”