Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-based extracellular matrix in chicken (Gallus domesticus) brain

Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan-based perineuronal net establishment is largely activity-independent in chick visual system

“…As shown previously (Morawski et al, 2009), extracellular matrix as revealed by Cat-315 and CRTL-1-immunoreactivity accumulated around cell bodies of neurons forming PNs. Additionally, neuropil was immunostained as well, especially when using the Cat-315 antibody.…”

“…In our previous study we mapped the brain of chickens of different ages for different antibodies that stain extracellular matrix components in most mammals (Morawski et al, 2009). Nevertheless, most of these failed to demonstrate PNs systematically in chicken brain.…”

“…Following a series of studies characterizing PNs in various mammals including man (Brü ckner et al, 1993(Brü ckner et al, , 1996a(Brü ckner et al, ,b, 1998Ohyama and Ojima, 1997;Lander et al, 2002;Matthews et al, 2002;Szigeti et al, 2006), recent advances demonstrated the presence and described the distribution of PNs in chicken brain and showed a very fast matrix maturation after hatching (Morawski et al, 2009). The early appearance of perineuronal nets in the precocial birds brain was supposed to be due to the rapid establishment of neuronal morphology (Tö mbö l, 1988(Tö mbö l, ,1995 and function which is required for the immediate functional and behavioural performance of chicks (Corner and Bakhuis, 1969;Lippe, 1995;Rogers, 1993).…”

Two-Layered Dissolving Microneedles for Percutaneous Delivery of Peptide/Protein Drugs in Rats

“…Our dissolving microneedles were made of water-soluble thread-forming polymer, chondroitin sulfate and dextran. Chondroitin sulfate is a peptideglycan that exists in biological tissues (67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72). Both chondroitin sulfate and dextran are used as an injection preparation.…”

Incidence of low bioavailability of leuprolide acetate after percutaneous administration to rats by dissolving microneedles

“…As the base polymer of dissolving microneedles, chondroitin sulfate was used. Chondroitin sulfate is a peptideglycan that exists in biological tissues (Morawski et al, 2009;Faissner et al, 1994;Umehara et al, 2004;Wilson and Snow, 2000;Sintov et al, 1995;Tsai et al, 2005). Chondroitin sulfate is a biopolymer and is used for the therapy of arthritis.…”