Chondroitin sulfate extracted from the Styela clava tunic suppresses TNF-α-induced expression of inflammatory factors, VCAM-1 and iNOS by blocking Akt/NF-κB signal in JB6 cells

Xu, Cheng-Xiong; Jin, Hua; Chung, Young Seob; Shin, Ji‐Young; Woo, Min-Ah; Lee, Kee-Ho; Palmos, Grace N.; Choi, Byeong-Dae; Cho, Myung‐Haing

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.022

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The tunic can contain spicules, acting as physical defense against predators and varying in morphology, size, and mineral content (8). Molecules with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity are usually present in the matrix (9, 10). The tunic fibrous components include tunicin, a cellulose-like polysaccharide, collagen, and elastin (8, 11).…”

Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tunic fibrous components include tunicin, a cellulose-like polysaccharide, collagen, and elastin (8, 11). Intermediate filaments (12) and mucopolysaccharides (9) contribute to the structural integrity of the tunic. The outermost compact layer, known as the cuticle, is continuous with the tunic matrix and frequently presents minute protrusions or spines (8, 13–15).…”

Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

Franchi

Ballarin

2017

Front. Immunol.

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Tunicates are the closest relatives of vertebrates, and their peculiar phylogenetic position explains the increasing interest toward tunicate immunobiology. They are filter-feeding organisms, and this greatly influences their defense strategies. The majority of the studies on tunicate immunity were carried out in ascidians. The tunic acts as a first barrier against pathogens and parasites. In addition, the oral siphon and the pharynx represent two major, highly vascularized, immune organs, where circulating hemocytes can sense non-self material and trigger immune responses that, usually, lead to inflammation and phagocytosis. Inflammation involves the recruitment of circulating cytotoxic, phenoloxidase (PO)-containing cells in the infected area, where they degranulate as a consequence of non-self recognition and release cytokines, complement factors, and the enzyme PO. The latter, acting on polyphenol substrata, produces cytotoxic quinones, which polymerize to melanin, and reactive oxygen species, which induce oxidative stress. Both the alternative and the lectin pathways of complement activation converge to activate C3: C3a and C3b are involved in the recruitment of hemocytes and in the opsonization of foreign materials, respectively. The interaction of circulating professional phagocytes with potentially pathogenic foreign material can be direct or mediated by opsonins, either complement dependent or complement independent. Together with cytotoxic cells, phagocytes are active in the encapsulation of large materials. Cells involved in immune responses, collectively called immunocytes, represent a large fraction of hemocytes, and the presence of a cross talk between cytotoxic cells and phagocytes, mediated by secreted humoral factors, was reported. Lectins play a pivotal role as pattern-recognition receptors and opsonizing agents. In addition, variable region-containing chitin-binding proteins, identified in the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis, control the settlement and colonization of bacteria in the gut.

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Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Sites Of Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity in Protochordates: The Tunicate Perspective

Franchi

Ballarin

2017

Front. Immunol.

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“…The following day, transfected cells were miR216a Suppresses NSCLC Growth, Metastasis, and Chemoresistance seeded onto chamber slides. Following 24 hours of incubation, the IF assay was performed as described previously (19). For the RIP-Chip assay, Ago2-flag plasmid and premiR216a or control oligonucleotides were cotransfected into A549 cells.…”

Section: Immunoblotting and Rip-chip Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Expression of miR216a Contributes to Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression

Wang¹,

et al. 2014

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the role and mechanism of miR216a in non-smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC).Experimental Design: The expression of miR216a in NSCLC cell lines and from NSCLC patient specimens was measured by real-time qRT-PCR. The correlation between gene expression and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods. The effects of miR216a on NSCLC cell growth and metastasis were examined both in vitro and in vivo by overexpressing or inhibiting miR216a. Finally, the effect of miR216a on chemoresistance was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry.Results: miR216a expression was downregulated in specimens from patients with NSCLC compared with corresponding nontumor lung tissues. Clinical data indicate that decreased miR216a expression is inversely correlated with cancer stage, metastasis, and poor survival in patients with NSCLC. Our data also show that overexpression of miR216a suppresses NSCLC cell growth and metastasis, and enhances cisplatin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of miR216a stimulates NSCLC cell growth and metastasis, and suppresses cisplatin-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR216a exerts its role by directly targeting eIF4B and ZEB1.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that miR216a is a cancer suppressor miRNA and that overexpression of miR216a is a novel NSCLC treatment strategy. In addition, our clinical data indicate that miR216a may be a useful biomarker for predicting NSCLC progression.

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“…Xu et al ( 2008b ) also investigated the effect of chondroitin sulfate extracted from ascidians tunic on TPA-induced infl ammation in mouse skin. In the infl ammation response in mouse skin in vivo, chondroitin sulfate signifi cantly inhibited TPAinduced NF-κB activation and subsequent infl ammation cytokines, VCAM-1 and COX-2, were suppressed by IKKβ and Akt/PKB signaling; thus, they suggested that the chondroitin sulfate extracted from ascidians tunic was an effective antiinfl ammation agent.…”

Section: Anti-infl Ammatory Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%