Chondrogenic Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells in Vitro and in Vivo

Potent induction of chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose‐derived adult stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein 6

“…The concentrations of TGF␤1, TGF␤3, and IGF-1 used for chondrogenic differentiation were based on previous studies of MSCs and ADAS cells (13)(14)(15)17,18,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)30,31). To determine the dose-response effect of BMP-6, the effects of BMP-6 at a range of concentrations (5-500 ng/ml) on the expression of COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1, and AGC1 gene transcripts were examined, showing maximum stimulation of COL2A1 and AGC1 and suppression of COL10A1 at 500 ng/ml.…”

“…Recent studies have confirmed the existence of an abundant and easily accessible source of multipotent stem cells in subcutaneous or intraarticular adipose tissue (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Cells obtained from adipose tissue have been termed processed lipoaspirate cells, adiposederived adult stromal/stem cells (ADAS cells), or simply adipose-derived stem cells.…”

“…Cells obtained from adipose tissue have been termed processed lipoaspirate cells, adiposederived adult stromal/stem cells (ADAS cells), or simply adipose-derived stem cells. Many studies have been undertaken to analyze and document the chondrogenic potential of ADAS cells (13)(14)(15)17,18,21,22). The induction of chondrogenesis in these cells appears to require a rounded cell shape through pellet culture or a 3-dimensional (3-D) hydrogel such as alginate, and can be augmented by a variety of chondrogenic induction agents, such as transforming growth factor ␤1 (TGF␤1), TGF␤3, dexamethasone, and ascorbic acid.…”

2010 Nicolas Andry Award: Multipotent Adult Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

“…These findings support the hypothesis that ASCs are a type of multipotent adult stem cell and not simply a mixed population of unipotent progenitor cells. [33] Chondrogenic Potential of Human ASCs Our work has focused primarily on the ability of ASCs to produce cartilaginous tissue molecules for potential application in the repair of tissues such as articular cartilage, meniscus, or intervertebral disc (eg, [4,20,22,26,27,82,83]). Through numerous studies, it was shown that under specific conditions, ASCs can express the genes and proteins for several cartilage-specific molecules, including type II collagen and aggrecan, without expression of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers such as type X collagen [26].…”

“…When maintained in pellet culture or encapsulated in alginate beads and cultured with 10 ng/mL of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-b1), ascorbate, and dexamethasone, ASCs have been shown to express a chondrocyte-like phenotype and synthesize collagen type II, aggrecan, link protein, and chondroitin sulfate in a time-dependent manner based on mRNA analysis, immunohistochemistry, and radiolabel incorporation [4,22,83], with significant enhancement of proteoglycan and protein synthesis under chondrogenic conditions. Winter et al reported that the gene expression profile of ASCs under chondrogenic conditions is similar to that of MSCs [39].…”