Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: The Effect of the Micro-Environment

Vats, Archana; Bielby, Robert C.; Tolley, Neil; Dickinson, Sally C.; Boccaccını, Aldo R.; Hollander, Anthony P.; Bishop, Anne E.; Polak, Julia M.

doi:10.1089/ten.2006.12.ft-154

Cited by 54 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The first step in endochondral bone formation by human ESCs would be the formation of a cartilage template. The chondrogenic potential of human ESCs has been demonstrated in indirect coculture experiments with primary chondrocytes (16). Whereas mouse ESCs show consistent cartilage formation, we did not observe cartilage formation when the chondrogenic protocols were transferred to human ESCs (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Endochondral bone tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells

Jukes

Both

Leusink

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

234

203

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Embryonic stem cells can provide an unlimited supply of pluripotent cells for tissue engineering applications. Bone tissue engineering by directly differentiating ES cells (ESCs) into osteoblasts has been unsuccessful so far. Therefore, we investigated an alternative approach, based on the process of endochondral ossification. A cartilage matrix was formed in vitro by mouse ESCs seeded on a scaffold. When these cartilage tissue-engineered constructs (CTECs) were implanted s.c., the cartilage matured, became hypertrophic, calcified, and was ultimately replaced by bone tissue in the course of 21 days. Bone aligning hypertrophic cartilage was observed frequently. Using various chondrogenic differentiation periods in vitro, we demonstrated that a cartilage matrix is required for bone formation by ESCs. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes showed that a cartilage matrix alone was not sufficient to drive endochondral bone formation. Moreover, when CTECs were implanted orthotopically into critical-size cranial defects in rats, efficient bone formation was observed. We report previously undescribed ESCbased bone tissue engineering under controlled reproducible conditions. Furthermore, our data indicate that ESCs can also be used as a model system to study endochondral bone formation.osteoblast ͉ cartilage ͉ endochondral ossification ͉ scaffold ͉ in vivo

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Indications of maturation were also observed for human ESC-derived cartilaginous tissue (16,18) Apparently, ESCs followed the route of embryonic development. This implicates that ESCs can be used as a model system to study endochondral bone formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Endochondral bone tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells

Jukes

Both

Leusink

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

234

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This co-culture can be either direct or indirect [80,81]. In each case, secreted factors from the adult chondrocyte population created an extracellular milieu that enhanced chondrogenic differentiation.…”

Section: Chondrogenesis In Ebsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This highlighted a distinct difference between hiPSC and hESC-derived brown adipocytes. The use of biomaterial scaffolds in the generation of cartilage tissue is well documented [78][79][80][81]84,91], and shares similarities with current clinical interventions for OA (MACI). However, since the native tissue has a low capacity for self-repair, it is desirable to create in vitro constructs that are functionally and morphologically identical to native cartilage to improve the ease of integration.…”

Section: Adipogenesis Via Addition Of Growth Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of Musculoskeletal Regeneration: Role for Pluripotent Stem Cells

2018

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The rise in the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is attributed to an increasing ageing population. The debilitating effects of musculoskeletal diseases, coupled with a lack of effective therapies, contribute to huge financial strains on healthcare systems. The focus of regenerative medicine has shifted to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), namely, human embryonic stem cells and human-induced PSCs, due to the limited success of adult stem cell-based interventions. PSCs constitute a valuable cell source for musculoskeletal regeneration due to their capacity for unlimited self-renewal, ability to differentiate into all cell lineages of the three germ layers and perceived immunoprivileged characteristics. This review summarizes methods for chondrogenic, osteogenic, myogenic and adipogenic differentiation of PSCs and their potential for therapeutic applications.

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“…Differentiation of ES cells in vitro into chondrocytes, for example, has been induced by supplementing the culture medium with members of the transforming growth factor-␤ (TGF-␤) family, such as TGF-␤ and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) [4,5]. Another method to control the differentiation of ES cells is to use cell-secreted morphogenic factors from fully differentiated cells by co-culture or conditioned medium [6][7][8][9]. Previously, the conditioned medium from hepatic cells was shown to enhance mesodermal differentiation and, furthermore, osteogenesis of murine ES cells [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introduction Smentioning

confidence: 99%