Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells

Abstract

Repair of cartilage defects remains a challenge for surgeons, owing to its poor self‑repairing capacity. Cartilage tissue engineering, particularly marrow stem cell‑based cartilage regeneration, provides a promising option for the regeneration of damaged cartilage. Although producing tissue‑engineered cartilage from marrow stem cells appeared to be a feasible method, constructing certain sub‑types of cartilage, including elastic cartilage, remains difficult. Therefore, the present study explored the feasibility of constructing elastic cartilage by culturing bone marrow‑derived stem cells (BMSCs) in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells to generate elastic cartilage. The elastic cartilage cells were obtained from the auricle cartilage of a newborn pig, and BMSCs were isolated from pig bone marrow aspirate. The supernatant of the chondrocytes was collected and then used to the culture BMSCs. At various time‑points, the differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by gross view, histological examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. BMSCs changed from spindle‑shaped cells into polygonal cells with increasing culture time. The expression of collagen II and elastin was observed in the cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic chondrocytes, while no expression was observed in the control cells. Furthermore, the expression of collagen I and collagen X was downregulated in the cells cultured in the supernatant of elastic cartilage cells. The supernatant of elastic cartilage cells promoted the differentiation of BMSCs into elastic cartilage cells, which may be a promising method for constructing certain sub‑types of tissue‑engineered cartilage.

Effects of Conditioned Medium From Osteoarthritic Cartilage Fragments on Donor-Matched Infrapatellar Fat Pad–Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Fischer et al 11 showed that human articular chondrocyte-derived soluble factors improved chondrogenic differentiation and lowered the COL10A1 deposition of human MSCs. Similarly, Zhang et al 43 found that COL10A1 of pig bone marrow-derived MSCs was downregulated in the coculture of the supernatant of auricle cartilage from newborn pigs. Consistently, our study showed that IPFP MSCs in the partial CM group (CM:chondrogenic medium = 1:1) had lower expressions of COL10A1 and RUNX2 than in the control group (DMEM/F-12:chondrogenic medium = 1:1).…”

Comparative study of alginate and type I collagen as biomaterials for cartilage stem/progenitor cells to construct tissue-engineered cartilage in vivo

“…After 4 weeks of culture in vivo , the immunofluorescence of type II collagen in the chondrocytes group ( Figures 4A,D ) and induced group showed a positive reaction; the chondrocyte group and induced type I ( Figures 4B,E ) rat tail collagen group exhibited a strong positive reaction, and the degree of the positive reaction exhibited by the induced alginate group was between the other group. Collagen Ⅰ ( Figure 5 ), a marker for de-differentiation and fibration, and collagen Ⅹ ( Figure 6 ), signs of engineered cartilage hypertrophy, were also been exposed to immunofluorescence staining ( Zhang et al, 2015 ). Collagen Ⅰ was not present in every group according our immunofluorescence analysis.…”

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 Induced Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells for Auricular Chondrogenesis

“…The level expression of Elastin was suggested that the production of elastin protein requires a longer period of cultures. Previous studies also reported that the bone marrow stem required 28 day of induction to express the high expression gene of Elastin (Cai et al 2015;Zhang et al 2015).…”