Chondrocyte proliferation, viability and differentiation is declined following administration of methylphenidate utilized for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract

<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose:</jats:title><jats:p> Methylphenidate (MPH) derivative drugs are used because of psychostimulants effects on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults. As far as we know, toxic or anti-proliferative effects of MPH against cartilage tissue were not studied in the literature. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible effects of MPH on the proliferation, viability and differentiation of primary human chondrocytes, in vitro. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:</jats:title><jats:p> Monolayer primary chondrocyte cultures were prepared using osteochondral tissue obtained from patients who underwent a total knee prosthesis operation. Stock solution of MPH was prepared and aliquots having 1–1000 µM concentrations of the drug was composed. These solutions were applied to the wells containing cultured chondrocyte samples within the well plates. Control groups were composed of pure chondrocyte culture and no solution was added into them. All groups were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h in order to determine the possible negative effects of the drug on the chondrocytes. The data were evaluated by Tukey’s honestly significantly different test following analysis of variance. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:</jats:title><jats:p> In the group where MPH was applied, it was found that viability, proliferation and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 protein expression were decreased in comparison to the control group. </jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title><jats:p> It was emphasized that clinicians should not disregard the fact that this drug might suppress chondrocyte cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. </jats:p></jats:sec>

Do we damage nucleus pulposus tissue while treating cerebrovascular ischemic neurological deficits with nimodipine?

“…From the point of view of clinical practice, effects of drugs are divided into two categories, desired effects and adverse effects. Most adverse effects are harmful regardless of the drug's indications of drugs, and these effects are called toxic (4,8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

“…Drug toxicity is a serious complication in treatments (4,8,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). these toxicities may result in dosage increases, delays, termination of treatments, or death.…”

“…Experimental setups are frequently comprised of tissues obtained from animals (3). However, it has been emphasized in the literature that studies performed on animal tissues may be inapplicable to human tissue because of differences in tissue sensitivity (4).…”

“…However, it is known that commercial cell lines contain monotype cells, have a microenvironment such as an extracellular matrix, and that their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics may change. Thus, results from commercial cell line studies may also be unreliable (4,8).…”

“…Many drugs, whether taken orally, injected, or any other method of delivery, accumulate in tissues, especially in compartments of synovial liquid (4,8), and some research has shown nimodipine accumulation in NP cell tissue (14,15).…”