Cholinesterases as markers of the inflammatory process in rats infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae

Silva, Cássia B. da; Wolkmer, Patrícia; Silva, Aleksandro S. Da; Paim, Francine C.; Tonin, Alexandre Alberto; Castro, Verônica Souza Paiva; Felin, Diandra V.; Schmatz, Roberta; Gonçalves, Jamile Fabbrin; Badke, M. R. T.; Morsch, Vera Maria; Mazzanti, Cinthia M.; Lopes, Sonia T.A.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.035501-0

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Secondly, it attenuates the parasympathetic outflow via inhibition of the EW nucleus. Furthermore, experimental models of infection—including sepsis [ 159 , 160 , 161 ], pneumococcal pneumonia [ 162 ], endotoxaemia [ 163 , 164 ], leptospirosis [ 165 , 166 ] and influenza A [ 167 , 168 ]—have also highlighted the significance of the cholinergic signalling pathway during infection. Changes to cholinergic signalling are likely to influence the PLR both directly, through ACh receptors located on iris sphincter muscles, and indirectly, through altered parasympathetic nervous system function.…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Pupillometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyeing up the Future of the Pupillary Light Reflex in Neurodiagnostics

2018

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The pupillary light reflex (PLR) describes the constriction and subsequent dilation of the pupil in response to light as a result of the antagonistic actions of the iris sphincter and dilator muscles. Since these muscles are innervated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, respectively, different parameters of the PLR can be used as indicators for either sympathetic or parasympathetic modulation. Thus, the PLR provides an important metric of autonomic nervous system function that has been exploited for a wide range of clinical applications. Measurement of the PLR using dynamic pupillometry is now an established quantitative, non-invasive tool in assessment of traumatic head injuries. This review examines the more recent application of dynamic pupillometry as a diagnostic tool for a wide range of clinical conditions, varying from neurodegenerative disease to exposure to toxic chemicals, as well as its potential in the non-invasive diagnosis of infectious disease.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Pupillometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyeing up the Future of the Pupillary Light Reflex in Neurodiagnostics

2018

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“…For the practical purpose, the measurement of cholinergic status other than brain tissue is imperative. It was noted that serum ChE activity might be used in the diagnosis of stroke [ 14 ] and infection [ 30 , 31 ]. Although a significant decrease in serum ChE levels had been reported in human acute head injury [ 32 ], data regarding the association of ChE activity with blood cell counts, cognition, and neurofunctional outcome in TBI is extremely limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Total Cholinesterase Activity on Admission Is Associated with Disease Severity and Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Zhang

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of neurological disability. In this retrospective study, serum total cholinesterase (ChE) activities were analyzed in 188 patients for diagnostic as well as predictive values for mortality.Methods and FindingsWithin 72 hours after injury, serum ChE activities including both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were measured. Disease severity was evaluated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Glasgow Coma Score, length of coma, post-traumatic amnesia and injury feature. Neurocognitive and functional scores were assessed using clinical records. Of 188 patients, 146 (77.7%) survived and 42 (22.3%) died within 90 days. Lower ChE activities were noted in the non-survivors vs. survivors (5.94±2.19 vs. 7.04±2.16 kU/L, p=0.023), in septic vs. non-infected patients (5.93±1.89 vs. 7.31±2.45 kU/L, p=0.0005) and in patients with extremely severe injury vs. mild injury (6.3±1.98 vs. 7.57±2.48 kU/L, p=0.049). The trajectories of serum ChE levels were also different between non-survivors and survivors, septic and non-infected patients, mild and severely injured patients, respectively. Admission ChE activities were closely correlated with blood cell counts, neurocognitive and functional scores both on admission and at discharge. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve for ChE was inferior to that for either APACHE II or white blood cell (WBC) count. However, at the optimal cutoff value of 5 kU/L, the sensitivity of ChE for correct prediction of 90-day mortality was 65.5% and the specificity was 86.4%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that lower ChE activity (<5 kU/L) was more closely correlated with poor survival than higher ChE activity (>5 kU/L) (p=0.04). After adjusting for other variables, ChE was identified as a borderline independent predictor for mortality as analyzed by Binary logistic regression (P=0.078).ConclusionsLowered ChE activity measured on admission appears to be associated with disease severity and outcome for TBI patients.

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“…Serum cholinesterase (SChE) is an enzyme synthesized by the liver. It has been reported that the enzyme’s activity changes under certain disease conditions such as liver malfunction, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, and leptospiral infection [ 9 , 10 ]. Serum cholinesterase is a routine parameter included in biochemical panels in clinical laboratory settings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholinesterase: a potential assistant biomarker for hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 infection

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease that commonly occurs in children. Diagnosis of HFMD caused by EV71 largely depends on clinical manifestations and rare serological biomarkers used to identify children suffering from HFMD. Serum cholinesterase (SChE) activity has frequently been reported as a potential biomarker for solid central nervous system tumors, chronic heart failure, and liver cirrhosis. However, its potential value in the diagnosis of neurotropic virus infections, such as HFMD caused by EV71, remains to be determined.FindingsIn our study, 220 children hospitalized with HFMD caused by EV71, 34 inpatients infected with coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and 43 undefined enterovirus-infected HFMD inpatients were recruited at the Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital between January 2011 and December 2012. SChE activity was measured. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test showed that SChE activity in children diagnosed with HFMD caused by EV71 was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.001), as well as in children with upper respiratory tract infections (p = 0.011), bronchopneumonia (p < 0.001), septicemia (p < 0.001), amygdalitis (p < 0.001), and appendicitis (p < 0.001). In addition, higher SChE activity was observed in male inpatients with HFMD caused by EV71 (47.7 % positivity) compared to female inpatients (26.1 % positivity) (chi-square test, p = 0.002). In our study, no significant differences in SChE levels were observed among different ages (up to 120 months) (r = -0.112, p > 0.05). An important finding was that SChE activity declined in the recovery phase of HFMD caused by EV71 compared to the acute phase (p < 0.001).ConclusionsElevated SChE activity was observed in patients with severe HFMD caused by EV71. Therefore, SChE might be a potential assistant biomarker for the diagnosis of HFMD caused by EV71 in children.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0124-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Cholinesterases as markers of the inflammatory process in rats infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Eyeing up the Future of the Pupillary Light Reflex in Neurodiagnostics

Eyeing up the Future of the Pupillary Light Reflex in Neurodiagnostics

Serum Total Cholinesterase Activity on Admission Is Associated with Disease Severity and Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Serum cholinesterase: a potential assistant biomarker for hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 infection

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