Cholinesterase as a biomarker to identify cases of pesticide poisoning

Abstract

The clinical care of the intoxicated, as well as the epidemiological surveillance activities of the population exposed to pesticides, require reference values ​​to be able to make decisions based on science. Cholinesterases are biomarkers discovered in the early twentieth century that currently work as auxiliaries in the diagnosis of acute and chronic poisoning. Methodology: In this study we will review 28 investigations that used as a biomarker the cholinesterase in pesticide poisoning, found in search engines PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, Crossreff and Google Scholar. Results: 71.42% of the articles reported a decrease in cholinesterase in the population under study and 28.57% report not having detected a decrease in cholinesterase in the study population. Conclusions: We recommend that researchers always consider the delicacy of these enzymes and remember the most important factors that can affect cholinesterase values ​​in addition to pesticides.

Cholinesterase Activity in the Eye?

“…Several studies show that the measurement of AChE is possible in body fluid such as blood, serum, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid, so it could be speculated that through the tear fluid the activity can be evaluated by enzymatic assay of AChE or BuChE 49,73 , considering the volumes required for the reaction 74 . For example, Ellman´s method is one of the most used assays to evaluate BuChE, and although some authors describe its activity as not specified, others show that BuChE activity in saliva can provide relevant information on cholinergic alterations such as the area in two particular cases: Alzheimer´s disease and neurotoxicity due to pesticides, where it occurs as a loss of cholinergic neurons, two situations that area of the public health problems worldwide 48,75,76 . Furthermore, Thiphom et al demonstrated that in farmers exposed to pesticides, the plasma and saliva levels of BuChE are correlated in the two fluids and decreases in the population exposed to pesticides 49 , in this sense, the possibility of evaluating the enzymatic activity in tear fluids, is highly interesting due to its low cost and less invasiveness.…”

Humoral Inflammatory Markers of Total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Exposure on Palm Oil Plantation Pesticide Sprayers

“…Organophosphates and carbamates, which are known to be neurotoxic and responsible for 80% of acute or chronic pesticide poisonings globally, are regularly biomonitored by cholinesterase enzymes (Benitez & Ramírez-Vargas, 2021;Caro-Gamboa et al, 2020). The lower the level of the cholinesterase enzyme in a person's blood, the more detectable that they are poisoned by pesticides (Kumar et al, 2023).…”