Cholinergic Reversal of Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats as Measured by Cross-approximate Entropy of the Electroencephalogram

Hudetz, Anthony G.; Wood, J. D.; Kampine, John P.

doi:10.1097/00000542-200311000-00019

Cited by 78 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Commensurate with our prior experience (Hudetz et al, 2003;Imas et al, 2005), and similar to that seen in dreamless sleep (Flint et al, 2010), 1.2% isoflurane produced lowfrequency, high-amplitude activity EEG (d-and h-dominated slow-wave activity) in our rats during the unstimulated state; this has been generally taken as a unitary indication of the unconscious state during which information flow in the brain is impeded (Alkire et al, 2008;Franks, 2008;Le Masson et al, 2002). At this isoflurane concentration, the righting reflex, a widely used behavioral surrogate index of consciousness in rodents (Franks, 2008), is absent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Brainstem Stimulation Increases Functional Connectivity of Basal Forebrain-Paralimbic Network in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Rats

et al. 2014

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Brain states and cognitive-behavioral functions are precisely controlled by subcortical neuromodulatory networks. Manipulating key components of the ascending arousal system (AAS), via deep-brain stimulation, may help facilitate global arousal in anesthetized animals. Here we test the hypothesis that electrical stimulation of the oral part of the pontine reticular nucleus (PnO) under light isoflurane anesthesia, associated with loss of consciousness, leads to cortical desynchronization and specific changes in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. BOLD signals were acquired simultaneously with frontal epidural electroencephalogram before and after PnO stimulation. Whole-brain FC was mapped using correlation analysis with seeds in major centers of the AAS. PnO stimulation produced cortical desynchronization, a decrease in d-and h-band power, and an increase in approximate entropy. Significant increases in FC after PnO stimulation occurred between the left nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) as seed and numerous regions of the paralimbic network. Smaller increases in FC were present between the central medial thalamic nucleus and retrosplenium seeds and the left caudate putamen and NBM. The results suggest that, during light anesthesia, PnO stimulation preferentially modulates basal forebrain-paralimbic networks. We speculate that this may be a reflection of disconnected awareness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Brainstem Stimulation Increases Functional Connectivity of Basal Forebrain-Paralimbic Network in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Rats

et al. 2014

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“…The results are generally consistent with previous studies. Increasing central Ach levels is known to reduce the depth of anesthesia (Meuret et al, 2000;Hudetz et al, 2003). Laalou et al (2008) reported that NBM lesion with 192IgG-saporin increased the anesthetic, but not the subanesthetic, effects of cumulative doses of propofol (i.p.).…”

Section: Correlation Of Averagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…An anticholinesterase that increased central Ach levels was shown to reduce the depth of anesthesia induced by propofol or isoflurane (Meuret et al, 2000;Hudetz et al, 2003). Pain et al (2000) reported that central Ach depletion by intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of 192IgG-saporin reduced the sedative potency of low-dose (30 mg/kg i.p.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics

Leung

Petropoulos

Shen

et al. 2011

Experimental Neurology

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"Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics" (2011). Physiology and Pharmacology Publications. 72. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/physpharmpub/72 This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. Acetylcholine in the brain has been associated with consciousness and general anesthesia effects. We tested the hypothesis that the integrity of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) affects the response to general anesthetics. Cholinergic neurons in NBM were selectively lesioned by bilateral infusion of 192IgG-saporin in adult, male Long-Evans rats, and control rats were infused with saline. Depletion of choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive cells in the NBM and decrease in optical density of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in the frontal and visual cortices confirmed a significant decrease in NBM cholinergic neurons in lesioned as compared to control rats. AChE staining in the hippocampus and ChAT-positive neurons in the medial septum-vertical limb of the diagonal band were not different between lesioned and control rats. When a general anesthetic was administered, lesioned compared to control rats showed significantly longer duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR) after propofol (5 or 10 mg/kg i.v.), pentobarbital (20 or 40 mg/kg i.p.) but not halothane (2%). However, the behavioral excitation, as indicated by horizontal movements, induced by halothane was reduced in lesioned as compared to control rats. Reversible inactivation of NBM with GABA A receptor agonist muscimol increased slow waves in the neocortex during awake immobility, and prolonged the duration of LORR and loss of tail-pinch response after propofol, pentobarbital and halothane. In summary, lesion of NBM cholinergic neurons or inactivation of the NBM prolonged the LORR response to general anesthetic drugs.

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“…The effect of anesthetics on AChE activity is poorly documented (Mazzanti et al, 1986;Lintern et al, 2000). Although a relationship between Ach activity and anesthesia has emerged (Hudetz et al, 2003;Leung et al, 2011), to our knowledge the effects of anesthetic products on the cholinergic system of fish are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

et al. 2017

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The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 µL L -1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 µL L -1 ) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L -1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 µL L -1 ) and EOL (10 or 20 µL L -1 ) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 µL L -1 ) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.Keywords: anesthetic, metabolism, stress, fish transportation. Parâmetros bioquímicos do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) após transporte com eugenol ou óleo essencial de Lippia alba adicionado à águaResumo O transporte de peixes vivos é uma prática rotineira na aquicultura e constitui uma fonte considerável de estresse para os animais. A adição de anestésicos na água utilizada para o transporte de peixes pode prevenir ou mitigar os efeitos nocivos do estresse de transporte. Este estudo investigou os efeitos da adição de eugenol (EUG) (1,5 ou 3,0 mL L ) em parâmetros metabólicos (níveis de glicogênio, lactato e proteína total) no fígado e músculos, a atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) no músculo e no cérebro, e os níveis de proteína carbonil (PC), ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e grupos tióis não proteicos (NPSH) e atividade da glutationa-S-transferase no fígado de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy e Gaimard, 1824) transportados por quatro horas em sacos plásticos (densidade de carga de 169,2 g L -1). A adição de várias concentrações de EUG (1,5 ou 3,0 mL L ) na água de transporte é aconselhável para o transporte do jundiá, uma vez que ambas concentrações destas substâncias aumentaram os níveis do antioxidante NPSH e diminuíram os níveis de TBARS no fígado. Além disso, os níveis mais baixos de glicogénio e lactato no fígado destes grupos e menor atividade de AChE no cérebro (EOL 10 ou 20 mL L -1 ) em comparação com o grupo controle indicam que o metabolismo energético e neurotransmissão foram menores após a administração...

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Cholinergic Reversal of Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats as Measured by Cross-approximate Entropy of the Electroencephalogram

Cited by 78 publications

References 44 publications

Brainstem Stimulation Increases Functional Connectivity of Basal Forebrain-Paralimbic Network in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Rats

Brainstem Stimulation Increases Functional Connectivity of Basal Forebrain-Paralimbic Network in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Rats

Lesion of cholinergic neurons in nucleus basalis enhances response to general anesthetics

Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

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