Cholinergic Autonomic Dysfunction in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Haley, Robert W.; Charuvastra, Elizabeth; Shell, William E.; Buhner, David M.; Marshall, W. Wesley; Biggs, Melanie M.; Hopkins, Steve; Wolfe, Gil I.; Vernino, Steven

doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.596

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar chronic symptomatology is exhibited by populations with either chronic (Ecobichon, 1994) or acute (Yokoyama et al, 1998) cholinergic toxicity. In accordance, strong associations have been found between GWI and exposure to cholinergic (Ch) disruptive chemicals, such as sarin nerve agents, organophosphate pesticides and pyridostigmine bromide (Chao et al, 2010; Golomb, 2008; Haley et al, 2009; Haley and Tuite, 2013; Henderson et al, 2002; Li et al, 2011; Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses, 2008; Tuite and Haley, 2013; Haley et al, 2013). Although alternative etiologies of GWI have been proposed (e.g., vaccines, infectious disease, stress), the Ch toxicity hypothesis has been found to be the most consistent with results in both human and animal studies (e.g., Chao et al, 2010; Golomb, 2008; Haley et al, 2009; Haley and Tuite, 2013; Henderson et al, 2002; Li et al, 2011; Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses, 2008; Tuite and Haley, 2013; Haley et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The etiology of GWI is thought to result from the delayed effects of toxic exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting chemicals (Chao et al, 2010; Golomb, 2008; Haley et al, 2009; Henderson et al, 2002; Li et al, 2011; Haley et al, 2013). Toxic increases in acetylcholine availability leads to long-term Ch suppression and central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in GWI (see Chao et al, 2010; Haley et al, 2013, 2009; Haley and Tuite, 2013; Henderson et al, 2002; Li et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Hubbard

Hutchison

Motes

et al. 2013

Clinical Psychological Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gulf War Illness is associated with toxic exposure to cholinergic disruptive chemicals. The cholinergic system has been shown to mediate the central executive of working memory (WM). The current work proposes that impairment of the cholinergic system in Gulf War Illness patients (GWIPs) leads to behavioral and neural deficits of the central executive of WM. A large sample of GWIPs and matched controls (MCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a varied-load working memory task. Compared to MCs, GWIPs showed a greater decline in performance as WM-demand increased. Functional imaging suggested that GWIPs evinced separate processing strategies, deferring prefrontal cortex activity from encoding to retrieval for high demand conditions. Greater activity during high-demand encoding predicted greater WM performance. Behavioral data suggest that WM executive strategies are impaired in GWIPs. Functional data further support this hypothesis and suggest that GWIPs utilize less effective strategies during high-demand WM.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Hubbard

Hutchison

Motes

et al. 2013

Clinical Psychological Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy [7] and functional magnetic resonance imaging [8], focal changes on brain imaging have been shown in GW1 veterans with this multisystem illness compared with controls. Recently, autonomic nervous system dysfunction was demonstrated in a population-based sample of GW1 veterans with multisymptom illness [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Sclerosis in Gulf War Era Veterans. 2. Military Deployment and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in the First Gulf War

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Concern has been raised that US veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW1) may be at increased risk to develop neurologic disease. Methods: An incident cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating disease (ODD) was assembled from the US military comprising the Gulf War era (1990-2007). Cases of MS and ODD meeting standard diagnostic criteria were matched to a database of all active duty personnel from the Department of Defense. Relative risk (RR) estimates for MS and all demyelinating disease based on onset, deployment status, and exposures were calculated. Results: For GW1, a total of 1,841 incident cases of definite MS and ODD were identified, with 387 among 696,118 deployed and 1,454 among 1,786,215 nondeployed personnel. The RR for MS alone among those deployed compared to those nondeployed was 0.69 (confidence interval, CI: 0.61-0.78), with 0.72 (CI: 0.62-0.83) in men and 0.96 (CI: 0.75-1.22) in women. Deployment was also nonsignificant or protective as an MS risk factor across racial groups, all age groups, and each military service. RRs for MS by service were: Air Force 0.71 (CI: 0.53-0.96), Army 0.80 (CI: 0.67-0.96), Marines 0.96 (CI: 0.63-1.47), and Navy 0.56 (CI: 0.43-0.74). Conclusion: Military deployment to GW1 was not a risk factor for developing MS.

show abstract

“…Long-lasting neurologic consequences of these toxic fumes might explain, at least in part, the constellation of symptoms that is observed in Gulf War syndrome. A recent representative study of affected Persian Gulf War veterans provided strong evidence that dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is linked to the observed symptoms of Gulf War syndrome including SD (Haley et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dysfunction Among Combat Veterans Injured by Chemical Warfare

Ahmadi

Ranjebar-Shayan

Rezazade

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sexual Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in war veterans injured due to chemical warfare exposure during deployment. Methods: Eighty-five chemically injured veterans (CIVs) and 100 non-CIVs were enrolled. Participants were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire, developed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision description of spectrum of SD. Results: The prevalence of SD in CIVs was 65.9% as opposed to 33.0% in non-CIVs (p = .0001). CIVs had higher prevalence rates in all domains examined (p < .05). The most commonly affected domain in both groups was erectile dysfunction (51.6% in CIVs and 15.0% in non-CIVs). Two thirds of CIVs had been diagnosed with at least one type of SD. Conclusions: The involvement of multiple areas of sexual functioning in CIVs suggests that a combination of physical and psychological factors may contribute to SD. Further efforts are needed to determine the precise etiological factors.

show abstract

Cholinergic Autonomic Dysfunction in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Multiple Sclerosis in Gulf War Era Veterans. 2. Military Deployment and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in the First Gulf War

Sexual Dysfunction Among Combat Veterans Injured by Chemical Warfare

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About