Choline-based eutectic mixtures as catalysts for effective synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2

Utilization of CO2-Available Organocatalysts for Reactions with Industrially Important Epoxides

“…Most of all, deep eutectic solvents constitute an important group of multicomponent lowcost homogeneous organocatalysts. In particular, DESs containing choline chloride and urea exhibit high catalytic activity [84,85]. Besides the above-mentioned onium halides, some ion pairs produced by the mixing of DBU with amidine-based alcohols are highly active [95].…”

“…SO was the single epoxide studied, however, in this article. Another catalytically very effective DESs containing mixture of choline chloride and malic acid or choline iodide and glycerol published Vagnoni et al [84]. Additional very effective DESs were obtained as catalysts by mixing 2-hydroxymethylpyridine or 2,6-hydroxymethylpyridine with Bu4NI [40].…”

“…SO was the single epoxide studied, however, in this article. Another catalytically very effective DESs containing mixture of choline chloride and malic acid or choline iodide and glycerol published Vagnoni et al[84].…”

Novel hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates under metal/halogen/cocatalyst/solvent-free conditions

“…[4][5][6][7] One of the most effective methods is to convert carbon dioxide and epoxides into the corresponding cyclic carbonates, because this reaction can not only achieve 100% atom utilization but also the resulting cyclic carbonates can be used as important chemical intermediates to synthesize specialty fine chemicals. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Various heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts, including metal oxides, 14,15 molecular sieves, [16][17][18][19][20] transition metal complexes, [21][22][23][24][25] alkali metal salts, 26,27 quaternary ammonium salts, [28][29][30] metal-organic frameworks, [31][32][33][34][35] Lewis acids or bases, [36][37][38] and various ionic liquids, [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] have been utilized to catalyze cycloaddition reactions. However, mo...…”

Novel and high efficient cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates over reusable mesoporous KIT-6 supported imidazolium lactate catalyst

“…Among possible processes, the selective coupling reaction of CO2 with epoxides is promising due to both the view of 100% atomic economy and the wide applications of cyclic carbonates products, which have widely been employed as intermediates to produce pharmaceuticals, polymers and fine chemicals [4][5][6]. Thus, the chemical fixation of CO2 with epoxides for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates has attracted an immense interest, and a large number of catalysts have been reported for the cycloaddition such as hollow marigold CuCo2O4 [7], organocatalysts [8][9][10], metal complexes [11][12][13], MMFR250 [14], MOFs [15][16][17], CoPc/TiO2 Hybrid [18], ChI-HBD [19], and others [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Nevertheless, most of these protocols still suffered from disadvantages such as the stoichiometric use of catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, tedious isolation techniques, and catalyst recycle problems.…”