Choline as a Dietary Factor

Metabolic Studies in Patients With Cancer of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract. I. Plasma Vitamin a Levels in Patients With Malignant Neoplastic Disease, Particularly of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract 1

“…At our suggestion, Dr. Embree (26). Choline chloride also can prevent the deposition of fat into the livers of animals on high fat-low protein diets (27) and reduce the lipid content of the fatty liver (28). Choline exists in both yeast (29) and lipocaic (30) and therefore the lipotropic effects of those materials could have been due to their content of choline.…”

Cirrhosis of the Liver Among Rats Receiving Diets Poor in Protein and Rich in Fat 1

“…More recently Earle and Victor (10) have reported that prolonged cystine feeding leads ultimately to cirrhosis. Cholesterol has long been known to increase the lipid content of the liver (2) and cirrhosis in the rabbit after cholesterol administration has also been observed by Chalatow (11), and more recently by Leary (12). Choline, betaine, and related compounds are agents which protect against the development of fatty livers induced by a variety of causes (2).…”

“…Cholesterol has long been known to increase the lipid content of the liver (2) and cirrhosis in the rabbit after cholesterol administration has also been observed by Chalatow (11), and more recently by Leary (12). Choline, betaine, and related compounds are agents which protect against the development of fatty livers induced by a variety of causes (2). It has also been shown by Griffith and Wade (13) that choline exerts an ameliorating effect upon the kidney necrosis which follows the administration of cystine.…”

“…Best and Ridout (2) found that a high fat, low protein, choline-poor diet, when administered to rats, produced extensive fat deposition in the liver. It therefore seemed reasonable to administer such a diet to rats over an extended period of time in order to determine whether cirrhosis might ultimately ensue.…”

A Brief History of Great Discoveries in Pharmacology: In Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Founding of the American Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

“…When he returned to Toronto at the age of 29, Best assumed Macleod's position, and by doing so became Banting's superior as Head of Physiology. His discovery of histaminase, mechanistic studies that led to the treatment of thrombosis with heparin, and basic studies on the dietary factor choline are only a few examples of his additional accomplishments in research (Best and McHenry, 1930;Best, 1938;Best and Rideout, 1939). He also used his prodigious wealth of knowledge to coauthor with Norman Taylor the classic textbook The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice.…”