Choline

Jukes, Thomas H.

doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.16.070147.001205

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Choline is an important nutritional component in the diet of higher eukaryotes, which employ it in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a membrane phospholipid (Jukes, 1979). However, the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by most prokaryotes for their membranes has not been demonstrated (Moat, 1979), suggesting that this possible use for choline is possible but unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purines, pyrimidines and inositol, which are also present in CAA, failed to enhance growth; the addition of guanine proved inhibitory (data not shown). One notable exception was the addition of choline chloride, the salt of a compound used by eukaryotic cells as a growth factor and lipid ' building block' (Jukes, 1979). Supplementation with choline chloride allowed ANG-SQIT to grow in MlN/lactate alone (final OD,,, = 0.4) and growth was comparable to CAA-amended cultures when the amino acid mix was also added.…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shewanella pealeana sp. nov., a member of the microbial community associated with the accessory nidamental gland of the squid Loligo pealei

Leonardo

Moser

Barbieri

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shewanella pealeana sp. nov., a member of the microbial community associated with the accessory nidamental gland of the squid Loligo pealei

Leonardo

Moser

Barbieri

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…1) suggests that exogenous choline does not cause its effects via an increase in methylating power. Betaine is the oxidative product of choline (Jukes, 1947). It was as effective as choline in increasing the colony radial growth rate of C106, but was less effective than choline in increasing the colony radial growth rate of A3/5 (Fig.…”

Section: Eflect Of Choline On Fusariummentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Choline on the Morphology, Growth and Phospholipid Composition of Fusarium graminearum

1989

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Studies were made of the growth kinetics, morphology and phospholipid composition of two strains of Fusarium graminearum, a wild-type strain (A3/5) and a highly branched variant (C106) which arose spontaneously during cultivation of A3/5. No significant difference was observed between the hyphal diameters of the two strains and therefore increased branching of C106 could not be explained in the terms of an increase in hyphal radius in the absence of a change in hyphal growth unit volume. The two strains had the same specific growth rate in batch culture and this was not affected by the addition of up to 1.5 mM-choline to the medium. However, choline increased the mean hyphal extension rate and colony radial growth rate of both strains and this response was correlated with the formation of mycelia which were more sparsely branched than mycelia grown on medium lacking choline. Addition of betaine, choline, ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine or dimethylethanolamine (but not serine, glycine, dimethylglycine, methylamine, hydroxylamine or beta-hydroxyethylhydrazine) to the medium also resulted in appreciable increases in the colony radial growth rates of A3/5 (increased by about 130% for choline) and C106 (increased by about 25% for choline). No significant difference was observed between the phospholipid compositions of the two strains, and the addition of 100 microM-choline to the medium had no significant effect on the phospholipid composition of either strain.

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“…In this example, choline balance was achieved even though there was no choline input and minimal choline output (oxidation). Unlike choline deprivation, choline excess is rarely reported (98).…”

Section: Choline Balance Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis

Vance

2008

Journal of Lipid Research

515

240

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Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is made in mammalian cells from choline via the CDP-choline pathway. Animals obtain choline primarily from the diet or from the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC followed by catabolism to choline. The main fate of choline is the synthesis of PC. In addition, choline is oxidized to betaine in kidney and liver and converted to acetylcholine in the nervous system. Mice that lack choline kinase (CK) a die during embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CKb unexpectedly develop muscular dystrophy. Mice that lack CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) a also die during early embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CTb exhibit gonadal dysfunction. The cytidylyltransferase b isoform also plays a role in the branching of axons of neurons. An alternative PC biosynthetic pathway in the liver uses phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase to catalyze the formation of PC from PE. Mice that lack the methyltransferase survive but die from steatohepatitis and liver failure when placed on a choline-deficient diet. Hence, choline is an essential nutrient. PC biosynthesis is required for normal very low density lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes. Recent studies indicate that choline is recycled in the liver and redistributed from kidney, lung, and intestine to liver and brain when choline supply is attenuated.-Li, Z., and D. E. Vance.Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis.

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Choline

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

Shewanella pealeana sp. nov., a member of the microbial community associated with the accessory nidamental gland of the squid Loligo pealei

Shewanella pealeana sp. nov., a member of the microbial community associated with the accessory nidamental gland of the squid Loligo pealei

Effect of Choline on the Morphology, Growth and Phospholipid Composition of Fusarium graminearum

Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis

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