Cholinacetylase in Innervated and Denervated Sympathetic Ganglia and Ganglion Cells of the Cat

Buckley, G. A.; Consolo, S.; Giacobini, Ezio; Sjöqvist, Folke

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03742.x

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although the validity of using AcChoE activity as a marker for cholinergic neurons can be questioned, there is evidence that this technique, when used on cat tissues and with short incubation times (27), preferentially visualizes cholinergic structures. This is supported by the good correlation between the proportion of AcChoE-rich and choline-acetyltransferase-containing cells in the L7 sympathetic ganglion of cat (29,30). Furthermore, the fact that VIP-like immunoreactivity is present in practically all principal ganglion cells of a classically cholinergic ganglion, such as the sphenopalatine ganglion, further supports the hypothesis that VIP, in fact, is present in cholinergic neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in cholinergic neurons of exocrine glands: Functional significance of coexisting transmitters for vasodilation and secretion

Lundberg

Änggård

Fahrenkrug

et al. 1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

390

161

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The vasodilation induced by nerve stimulation in exocrine glands-e.g., submandibular salivary gland (1), tongue (2), sweat glands (3), and nasal mucosa (4)-is largely atropine resistant, whereas secretion easily can be blocked by muscarinic antagonists. The occurrence of a subpopulation of vasodilatory nerves was first suggested, but later a kinin mechanism was suggested to be responsible for this vasodilation (5-9). MATERIALS AND METHODSTen cats (body weight 2-4 kg) of both sexes were used for immunohistochemical studies. In two of these cats the superior cervical ganglion was excised unilaterally 14 days before they were killed. In four other cats vinblastine sulfate (Sigma) (1% in 0.9% NaCl) was locally applied to the submandibular and sphenopalatine ganglia and to pancreas 24 hr before perfusion with ice-cold 10% (vol/vol) formalin (21). These ganglia and parts of the submandibular gland, the nasal mucosa, tongue, lung, and pancreas were then processed for indirect immunohistochemical studies according to Coons (22) as described (see ref. 18) by use of a VIP antibody (5603-5; for detail about this antiserum, see refs. 23 and 24) and AcChoE staining (18,25,26). In some cases, immunohistochemical analysis for VIP and AcChoE staining were performed on the same section. Alternatively, adjacent sections were processed for the respective procedure. The latter approach was used because Triton X-100 (added to VIP antiserum to enhance penetration of antibodies) inactivated AcChoE (18,27). For details and validity of procedures and for controls, see ref. 18. Physiological experiments were done in 15 cats anesthetized with chloralose (50 mg/kg) plus urethane (100 mg/kg) intravenously. The trachea was cannulated. The blood pressure was recorded via a femoral artery. Rectal temperature was kept constant at 38°C. The submandibular gland, its duct, and nerve supply were exposed. The duct was cannulated with a polyethylene tube (PE 50) and salivation was measured with a drop recorder. The chorda-lingual nerve was cut, and the peripheral cut end was mounted to a bipolar platinum electrode. Preganglionic stimulation was performed with square wave pulses of either 2 or 15 Hz, 8 V, and a duration of 1 msec. To measure the venous outflow from the gland, we introduced a polyethylene catheter (PE 160) into the external jugular vein after all branches, except the one draining the submandibular gland, had been tied. Blood flow was measured by a drop recorder and blood was reinfused into the cephalic vein with a peristaltic pump. Heparin (1000 IU/kg) was given intravenously. The Abbreviations: VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; AcCho, acetylcholine; AcChoE, acetylcholinesterase. 1651The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in cholinergic neurons of exocrine glands: Functional significance of coexisting transmitters for vasodilation and secretion

Lundberg

Änggård

Fahrenkrug

et al. 1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

390

161

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“…A. Johnson, unpublished observations). Perhaps the cholinergic population of superior cervical ganglion cells (thought to be about 5%; see Sjiiqvist, 1963a,b;Buckley et al, 1967;Yamauchi et al, 1973) reacts in a manner similar to the preganglionic synapse loss that follows axotomy (Matthews and Nelson, 1975;Purves, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the dendritic geometry of mouse superior cervical ganglion cells following postganglionic axotomy

Yawo

1987

J. Neurosci.

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The dendritic geometry of mouse superior cervical ganglion cells was studied over periods of up to 3 months after postganglionic axotomy. Intracellular injection of HRP showed that total dendritic length and complexity were reduced by 60–70%, on average, among cells whose postganglionic axons had been crushed 2 weeks before. Both parameters gradually recovered in parallel with ganglion cell reinnervation of the periphery. These results indicate that neuronal interactions with peripheral targets influence the configuration of ganglion cell dendrites throughout life. The implications of this conclusion are discussed.

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“…However, in decentralized lumbar sympathetic ganglia of the cat [2] ChAc is decreased by 98 %. This decrease is similar in magnitude to the fall in ACh con tent in decentralized cat superior cervical ganglia [10].…”

Section: Distribution O F Endogenous Levels O F Achmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the peripheral nervous system, however, there is a good correlation between ChAc and AChE activity of different ganglia [2] although AChE is found in both cholinergic, cholinoceptive, and noncholinergic neurons [12], Cheney et al [4] have sug gested that the ratio of ACh to ChAc in a particular region of the CNS may be of some value in predicting which part of a choliner gic neuron (cell body, axon, or terminals) is present. We calculated the ratios of ACh to ChAc x 100 for the data obtained in the pre sent study and in the study of Chiappinelliet al [5], but were unable to verify this hypothesis.…”

Section: Relation O F Acetylcholine Levels To Chollneacetyltransferasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Aging of Cholinergic Synapses I. Endogenous Levels of Acetylcholine and Choline in Developing Autonomic Ganglia and Iris of the Chick (Part 2 of 2)

Marchi¹,

Giacobini²,

Hruschak³

1979

Dev Neurosci

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Acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) levels were measured by means of a sensitive micromethod in developing irises, ciliary and sympathetic ganglia of the chick, strung at 5–7 days of incubation (DI) up to 1 year of age. The neurotransmitter is present in all three organs at relatively low levels (1–10 pmol) from 5 DI (iris) or 7 DI (ciliary and sympathetic ganglion). This is followed by a rapid and sustained 9-fold increase in all three tissues up to 14 DI. Thus, it appears that low levels of ACh may be sufficient for neurotransmission to occur in the primitive ciliary ganglion and iris. After hatching, total ACh levels continue to increase up to 1 year of age in the iris and ciliary ganglion and up to 3 months in the sympathetic ganglion. The increase may depend on either an increased functional demand for the neurotransmitter or an increased number of preganglionic terminals. In general Ch levels parallel closely the levels of ACh in each organ throughout development. It is concluded that ACh and Ch are present since the earliest detectable stages of development in the ganglia and iris, and their first increase seems to be correlated to the phase of innervation of the organs. The subsequent increase probably correlates to synaptogenesis. The close relationship between Ch and ACh levels indicates a regulatory role of Ch for ACh synthesis during neuronal development.

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Cholinacetylase in Innervated and Denervated Sympathetic Ganglia and Ganglion Cells of the Cat

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in cholinergic neurons of exocrine glands: Functional significance of coexisting transmitters for vasodilation and secretion

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in cholinergic neurons of exocrine glands: Functional significance of coexisting transmitters for vasodilation and secretion

Changes in the dendritic geometry of mouse superior cervical ganglion cells following postganglionic axotomy

Development and Aging of Cholinergic Synapses I. Endogenous Levels of Acetylcholine and Choline in Developing Autonomic Ganglia and Iris of the Chick (Part 2 of 2)

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