Cholesterol sulfate. I. Occurrence and possible biological functions as an amphipathic lipid in the membrane of the human erythrocyte

Bleau, G.; Bodley, F.; Longpré, Jessie; Chapdelaine, A.; Roberts, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(74)90174-6

Cited by 93 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…+, detected but relative abundance was not reported; Ϫ , not detected. into a highly amphiphilic compound comprising a highly charged headgroup ( 34 ). While the physiological significance of CS in tears is presently obscure, CS might be a suitable candidate for the amphiphilic sublayer of the tear fi lm based on its biophysical property as a stabilizing agent of biological membranes ( 34 ).…”

Section: Quantitative Corrections Of Major Neutral Lipid Classes In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive characterization of human tear fluid collected using different techniques unravels the presence of novel lipid amphiphiles

Lam

Tong

Duan

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

247

229

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of the ocular surface. Tears hydrate and lubricate the mucous membranes constituting the ocular surface, supply nourishment to the avascular corneal epithelium, and provide a smooth optical surface essential for visual acuity. The drainage of tears via the lacrimal puncta fl ushes contaminants and irritants out of the eye, thereby functioning as a fi rst line of defense for the anterior eye against invading pathogens ( 1, 2 ). The typical volume of tears in normal eyes ranges from 3.4 to 10.7 l per eye ( 3 ). Despite its small volume, tears represent a biological fl uid of immense complexities with a wide array of proteins/peptides, electrolytes, lipids, and small molecule metabolites contributed by distinct sources ( 1 ). The precise balance of these various metabolites is crucial in ensuring proper physiological function and maintaining biophysical integrity of the precorneal tear fi lm. Perturbations in this delicate equilibrium may be manifested in various ocular conditions such as dry eye syndrome (DES) and blepharitis ( 1,4,5 ).Recent decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the systematic profi ling of proteins as well as small molecule metabolites present in tears ( 1, 6-9 ). Furthermore, with technological advancements in MS and nuclear magnetic Abstract The tear fi lm covers the anterior eye and the precise balance of its various constituting components is critical for maintaining ocular health. The composition of the tear fi lm amphiphilic lipid sublayer, in particular, has largely remained a matter of contention due to the limiting concentrations of these lipid amphiphiles in tears that render their detection and accurate quantitation tedious. Using systematic and sensitive lipidomic approaches, we validated dif ferent tear collection techniques and report the most comprehensive human tear lipidome to date; comprising more than 600 lipid species from 17 major lipid classes. The tear fl uid covers the anterior surface of the cornea and serves critical functions in maintaining the homeostasis

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Section: Quantitative Corrections Of Major Neutral Lipid Classes In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive characterization of human tear fluid collected using different techniques unravels the presence of novel lipid amphiphiles

Lam

Tong

Duan

et al. 2014

Journal of Lipid Research

247

229

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“…Ch-S also stabilizes the RBC membrane and protects it from hemolysis [89]. The concentration of Ch-S in RBC plasma membranes is approximately 2-fold higher than the concentration in blood plasma.…”

Section: Red Blood Cells Enos and Cholesterol Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Seneff

Lauritzen

Davidson³

et al. 2012

Entropy

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Theoretical inferences, based on biophysical, biochemical, and biosemiotic considerations, are related here to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other degenerative conditions. We suggest that the "daytime" job of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), when sunlight is available, is to catalyze sulfate production. There is a striking alignment between cell types that produce either cholesterol sulfate or sulfated polysaccharides and those that contain eNOS. The signaling gas, nitric oxide, a wellknown product of eNOS, produces pathological effects not shared by hydrogen sulfide, a sulfur-based signaling gas. We propose that sulfate plays an essential role in HDL-A1 cholesterol trafficking and in sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), both critical to lysosomal recycling (or disposal) of cellular debris. HSPGs are also crucial in glucose metabolism, protecting against diabetes, and in maintaining blood colloidal suspension and capillary flow, through systems dependent on water-structuring properties of sulfate, an anionic kosmotrope. When sunlight exposure is insufficient, lipids accumulate in the atheroma in order to supply cholesterol and sulfate to the heart, using a OPEN ACCESSEntropy 2012, 14 2493 process that depends upon inflammation. The inevitable conclusion is that dietary sulfur and adequate sunlight can help prevent heart disease, diabetes, and other disease conditions.

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“…11,12 Interestingly, cholesterol sulfate has emerged as a multifaceted regulatory molecule. 13 Its presence in cell membranes protects erythrocytes against osmotic lysis 10,14 and regulates sperm capacitation. 15,16 In platelets, cholesterol sulfate has been shown to support platelet adhesion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Cholesterol Sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) in Human Platelets

et al. 2004

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Background-Cholesterol sulfate, the most important sterol sulfate in the human circulation, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule. Among its many demonstrated regulatory actions is its ability to influence blood clotting and fibrinolysis. Additionally, cholesterol sulfate is a constituent of human platelets, where it has been shown to support platelet aggregation. Methods and Results-We have documented the presence of the enzyme (SULT2B1b) that sulfonates cholesterol in human platelets and examined the influence of plasma lipoproteins on the expression and activity of this enzyme. SULT2B1b mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and found to be the only steroid/sterol sulfotransferase expressed in these discoid anucleate particles. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction for quantification, we found that the level of SULT2B1b mRNA in platelets was maintained at 4°C but substantially diminished over a period of 4 hours at 37°C. The loss of SULT2B1b mRNA, however, was markedly reduced in the presence of HDL but not LDL. The stabilizing influence of HDL was attributable specifically to its apolipoprotein (apo) A-I component, whereas apoA-II and apoE were without effect. Importantly, there was a direct correlation between platelet SULT2B1b mRNA and protein levels in the presence or absence of lipoprotein that was reflected in enzymatic activity and cholesterol sulfate production. Conclusions-Human platelets selectively express SULT2B1b, the physiological cholesterol sulfotransferase. Furthermore, the stability of SULT2B1b mRNA and protein in platelets maintained at 37°C is subject to regulation by the apoA-I component of HDL.

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Cholesterol sulfate. I. Occurrence and possible biological functions as an amphipathic lipid in the membrane of the human erythrocyte

Cited by 93 publications

References 14 publications

Extensive characterization of human tear fluid collected using different techniques unravels the presence of novel lipid amphiphiles

Extensive characterization of human tear fluid collected using different techniques unravels the presence of novel lipid amphiphiles

Is Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase a Moonlighting Protein Whose Day Job is Cholesterol Sulfate Synthesis? Implications for Cholesterol Transport, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Expression of Cholesterol Sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) in Human Platelets

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