Cholesterol Response and Foam Cell Formation in Hamsters Fed Rice Bran, Oat Bran, and Cellulose + Soy Protein Diets With or Without Added Vitamin E

Kahlon, T. S.; Chow, F. I.; Wood, David

doi:10.1094/cchem.1999.76.5.772

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Significantly higher bile acid binding with rice bran suggests that a possible mechanism for its cholesterol-lowering ability includes binding bile acids and increasing neutral sterol excretion. This is in agreement with previous animal feeding studies with rice bran (Kahlon et al 1996(Kahlon et al , 1999. Minimal binding of bile acids by oat bran is consistent with low neutral sterol excretion reported with an oat bran diet in hamsters (Kahlon et al 1999).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The relative in vitro bile acid binding of the cereal brans on an equal total dietary fiber (TDF) basis, considering cholestyramine as binding 100%, was rice bran 51%; wheat bran 31%; oat bran 26%; and corn bran 5% (Kahlon and Chow 2000). Significant reductions (45%) in aortic plaque were observed in six weeks when soy isolate replaced casein in the diet as a source of protein (Kahlon and Chow 1999), suggesting that plant protein may be associated with bile acid binding. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro bile acid binding by rice bran, oat bran, dehulled barley, and a β-glucan enriched barley fraction using an equal amount of protein from each cereal source in a bile acid mixture under duodenal physiological pH of 6.3.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Binding of Bile Acids by Rice Bran, Oat Bran, Barley and β‐Glucan Enriched Barley

Kahlon

Woodruff

2003

Cereal Chem

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Cereal Chem. 80(3):260-263The in vitro bile acid binding by rice bran, oat bran, dehulled barley, and β-glucan enriched barley was determined using a mixture of bile acids at a duodenal physiological pH of 6.3. Six treatments and two blank incubations were conducted testing substrates on an equal protein basis. The relative in vitro bile acid binding of the cereal brans on an equal total dietary fiber (TDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) basis considering cholestyramine as 100% bound was rice bran 45 and 49%; oat bran 23 and 30%; dehulled barley 33 and 57%; and β-glucan enriched barley 20 and 40%, respectively. Bile acid bindings on equal protein basis for the respective cereals were 68, 26, 41, and 49%. Bile acid binding by rice bran may account to a great extent for its cholesterol-lowering properties, while bile acid binding by oat bran suggests that the primary mechanism of cholesterol lowering by oat bran is not due to the bile acid binding by its soluble fiber. Bile acid binding was not proportional to the soluble fiber content of the cereal brans tested. Except for dehulled barley, bile acid binding for rice bran, oat bran, and β-glucan enriched barley appear to be related to their IDF content. Highest relative bile acid binding values for rice bran and β-glucan enriched barley were observed on an equal protein basis, whereas highest values for dehulled barley were based on IDF. Data suggest that of all four cereals tested, bile acid binding may be related to IDF or protein anionic, cationic, physical and chemical structure, composition, metabolites, or their interaction with active binding sites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

In Vitro Binding of Bile Acids by Rice Bran, Oat Bran, Barley and β‐Glucan Enriched Barley

Kahlon

Woodruff

2003

Cereal Chem

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“…Liver is the major site for cholesterol metabolism in hamsters as well as humans [26] and a high-cholesterol diet had been reported to increase liver weight of hamsters [27], [28]. However, feeding of T. indica fruit pulp along with the high-cholesterol diet reversed this condition, possibly as a result of increased excretion and/or metabolism of cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Biochemical and Gene Expression Analyses of the Antioxidant Activities and Hypocholesterolaemic Properties of Tamarindus indica Fruit Pulp Extract

et al. 2013

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Background Tamarindus indica (T. indica) is a medicinal plant with many biological activities including anti-diabetic, hypolipidaemic and anti-bacterial activities. A recent study demonstrated the hypolipidaemic effect of T. indica fruit pulp in hamsters. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects have not been fully elucidated. Hence, the aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant activities and potential hypocholesterolaemic properties of T. indica, using in vitro and in vivo approaches.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe in vitro study demonstrated that T. indica fruit pulp had significant amount of phenolic (244.9±10.1 mg GAE/extract) and flavonoid (93.9±2.6 mg RE/g extract) content and possessed antioxidant activities. In the in vivo study, hamsters fed with high-cholesterol diet for ten weeks showed elevated serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C levels. Administration of T. indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters significantly lowered serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels but had no effect on the HDL-C level. The lipid-lowering effect was accompanied with significant increase in the expression of Apo A1, Abcg5 and LDL receptor genes and significant decrease in the expression of HMG-CoA reductase and Mtp genes. Administration of T. indica fruit pulp to hypercholesterolaemic hamsters also protected against oxidative damage by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant activities and preventing hepatic lipid peroxidation.Conclusion/SignificanceIt is postulated that tamarind fruit pulp exerts its hypocholesterolaemic effect by increasing cholesterol efflux, enhancing LDL-C uptake and clearance, suppressing triglyceride accumulation and inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. T. indica fruit pulp has potential antioxidative effects and is potentially protective against diet-induced hypercholesterolaemia.

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“…This was confirmed by the yellowish color, due to the hepatic steatosis of the animals that received the hypercholesterolemic diet (C and CB) as compared to the normal (intense red) color of those that received a diet without cholesterol (Control and B) (Figure 1). Kahlon et al, (1999) showed similar behavior with hypercholesterolemic diets.…”

Section: Ponderal and Nutritional Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Effect of a soybean and rice beverage on the lipid and glycemic metabolisms in hamsters

Jaekel

Rodrigues

2011

Ciênc. agrotec.

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There is a growing interest in functional foods that, apart from their nutritional function, bring health benefits, contributing to wellbeing and/or reducing the risk of certain diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional effect of a soybean and rice beverage on the ponderal and nutritional parameters and on the lipid and glycemic metabolisms of male hamsters. Four groups of 8 animals were used: Control (commercial feed), C (commercial feed with added cholesterol), B (commercial feed plus beverage) and CB (commercial feed plus cholesterol and beverage). The food efficiency coefficient was equivalent for all the groups. The weight of the liver was on average 28% heavier in groups C and CB than in the other groups, indicating cholesterol deposition in this organ. Although there was no significant difference, the concentrations of total cholesterol and of its fractions (LDL and HDL) and of the triglycerides, were lower in group CB than in group C, showing a possible benefic effect of the beverage. The blood glucose concentration did not differ significantly (p<0.05).Index terms: HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glycemia, resistant starch. RESUMOÉ crescente o interesse por alimentos que, além da função de nutrir, trazem benefícios à saúde, contribuindo para o bem-estar e/ou reduzindo o risco de algumas doenças. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito funcional de bebida de soja e arroz nos parâmetros ponderais e nutricionais e no metabolismo lipídico e glicêmico de hamsters machos. Foram utilizados 4 grupos de 8 animais: Controle (ração comercial), C (ração comercial acrescida de colesterol), B (ração comercial e bebida) e CB (ração comercial acrescida de colesterol e bebida). O coeficiente de eficiência alimentar foi equivalente em todos os grupos. O peso do fígado dos grupos C e CB apresentou-se em média 28% maior que os demais, indicando deposição de colesterol nesse órgão. Embora não havendo diferença significativa, as concentrações de colesterol total e suas frações (LDL e HDL) e de triacilglicerídeos foram menores no grupo CB comparadas ao grupo C, mostrando possível efeito benéfico da bebida. A concentração de glicose no sangue não diferiu significativamente (p<0,05).Termos para indexação: HDL, LDL, triglicerídeos, glicemia, amido resistente.

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Cholesterol Response and Foam Cell Formation in Hamsters Fed Rice Bran, Oat Bran, and Cellulose + Soy Protein Diets With or Without Added Vitamin E

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

In Vitro Binding of Bile Acids by Rice Bran, Oat Bran, Barley and β‐Glucan Enriched Barley

In Vitro Binding of Bile Acids by Rice Bran, Oat Bran, Barley and β‐Glucan Enriched Barley

In Vivo Biochemical and Gene Expression Analyses of the Antioxidant Activities and Hypocholesterolaemic Properties of Tamarindus indica Fruit Pulp Extract

Effect of a soybean and rice beverage on the lipid and glycemic metabolisms in hamsters

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