Cholesterol Oxidase: A Potent Insecticidal Protein Active Against Boll Weevil Larvae

Purcell, John P.; Greenplate, John T.; Jennings, Michael J.; Ryerse, Jan S.; Pershing, Jay C.; Sims, Steven R.; Prinsen, M.J.; Corbin, David R.; Tran, Minhtien; Sammons, R. Douglas; Stonard, Richard J.

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2409

Cited by 153 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…The action of Cry toxins as well as several other midgut-active insecticidal agents (2,28,32) commonly involve an osmotically induced cell lysis, although these agents are completely unrelated. For ␦-endotoxin, catalysis of and modulation of toxin-derived ion channels following receptor binding are established (31,37,39); however, additional mechanisms could account for other aspects of toxicity which are observed, such as larval behavioral changes, cessation of feeding, regurgitation, and gut paralysis (1,9,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mode of Action of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3A Differs from That of Cry1Ab δ-Endotoxin

Lee

Walters

Hart

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

281

279

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The Vip3A protein, secreted by Bacillus spp. during the vegetative stage of growth, represents a new family of insecticidal proteins. In our investigation of the mode of action of Vip3A, the 88-kDa Vip3A full-length toxin (Vip3A-F) was proteolytically activated to an approximately 62-kDa core toxin either by trypsin (Vip3A-T) or lepidopteran gut juice extracts (Vip3A-G). Biotinylated Vip3A-G demonstrated competitive binding to lepidopteran midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Furthermore, in ligand blotting experiments with BBMV from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), activated Cry1Ab bound to 120-kDa aminopeptidase N (APN)-like and 250-kDa cadherin-like molecules, whereas Vip3A-G bound to 80-kDa and 100-kDa molecules which are distinct from the known Cry1Ab receptors. In addition, separate blotting experiments with Vip3A-G did not show binding to isolated Cry1A receptors, such as M. sexta APN protein, or a cadherin Cry1Ab ecto-binding domain. In voltage clamping assays with dissected midgut from the susceptible insect, M. sexta, Vip3A-G clearly formed pores, whereas Vip3A-F was incapable of pore formation. In the same assay, Vip3A-G was incapable of forming pores with larvae of the nonsusceptible insect, monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus). In planar lipid bilayers, both Vip3A-G and Vip3A-T formed stable ion channels in the absence of any receptors, supporting pore formation as an inherent property of Vip3A. Both Cry1Ab and Vip3A channels were voltage independent and highly cation selective; however, they differed considerably in their principal conductance state and cation specificity. The mode of action of Vip3A supports its use as a novel insecticidal agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mode of Action of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3A Differs from That of Cry1Ab δ-Endotoxin

Lee

Walters

Hart

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

281

279

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“…and identified this protein a CHOx [19]. Purified enzyme showed activity against boll weevil larvae at a 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 of 20.9 μg.ml -1 ), that is well comparable to the bioactivity exhibited by Bacillus thuringiensis proteins against other insect pests.…”

Section: Insecticidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The enzyme has also been shown to have larvicidal activity against cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) [19]. CHOx biosensors have found applications for detection of cholesterol level in various samples.…”

Section: Insights In Enzyme Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Oxidase: Source,Properties and Applications.

Devi¹,

Kanwar²

2018

Insights Enzyme Res

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“…Corbin et al (1994) reported the expression of cholesterol oxidase gene in bacteria and plant protoplasts. Cholesterol oxidase from Streptomyces is highly toxic to cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) (Purcell et al 1993;Cho et al 1995). Lipoxigenase has also been shown to exhibit toxic effects (Shukle and Murdock, 1983) and has been expressed in transgenic plants, but resistance to insects has not been demonstrated.…”

Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for using transgenic resistance to insects in crop improvement

Sharma¹,

Sharma²,

Seetharama³

et al. 2000

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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Integrated pest management has historically placed great hopes on host plant resistance. However, conventional host-plant resistance to insects involves quantitative traits at several loci. As a result, the progress has been slow and difficult to achieve. With the advent of genetic transformation techniques, it has become possible to clone and insert genes into the crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests. Resistance to insects has been demonstrated in transgenic plants expressing genes for δ δ-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), protease inhibitors, enzymes and plant lectins. Most of the plant derived genes produce chronic rather than toxic effects and some insect pests are not sensitive to some of these factors. The potential of plant derived genes can be realised by deploying them in combination with host plant resistance and exotic genes. Genes conferring resistance to insects have been inserted into crop plants such as maize, cotton, potato, tobacco, potatoes, rice, broccoli, lettuce, walnuts, apples, alfalfa and soybean. Genetically transformed crops with Bt genes have been deployed for cultivation in USA, China and Australia. However, very little has been done to use this technology for improving crop production in the harsh environments of the tropics, where the need for increasing food production is most urgent. International agricultural research centres, advanced research institutes and the seed sector should make an effort to use these new tools for increasing food *Corresponding author production in poorer regions of the world. There is an urgent need to develop a scientifically sound strategy to deploy exotic and plant derived genes for minimising the extent of losses caused by insect pests. Equally important is the need for following the biosafety regulations, more responsible public debate, social attitude and better presentation of the benefits for a rational deployment of the genetically transformed plants.

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Cholesterol Oxidase: A Potent Insecticidal Protein Active Against Boll Weevil Larvae

Cited by 153 publications

References 0 publications

The Mode of Action of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3A Differs from That of Cry1Ab δ-Endotoxin

The Mode of Action of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein Vip3A Differs from That of Cry1Ab δ-Endotoxin

Cholesterol Oxidase: Source,Properties and Applications.

Prospects for using transgenic resistance to insects in crop improvement

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