Cholesterol Metabolism in Clinical Hyperlipidemias

Hs, Sodhi; Kudchodkar, J; Dt, Mason

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-024917-6.50009-4

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cholesterol synthesis has been shown to be within low normal limits in FH adults (1,28), and normal in children with FH (29,30), whereas cholesterol absorption efficiency is similar in adults with FH and controls (31). Accordingly, the similarity of the serum noncholesterol sterol ratios in the children with and without FH in the present study suggests that cholesterol metabolism is probably similar in the two groups, even though the squalene ratios suggest lower synthesis of cholesterol in the children with FH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Thus, even though the ratios of noncholesterol sterols to cholesterol in serum reflect, in general, synthesis and absorption of cholesterol, their ratios in different lipoproteins could give additional information of cholesterol metabolism. The deranged catabolism of apo B containing LDL increases serum cholesterol levels in FH (1), even already at birth (2), resulting in development of arterial atherosclerotic lesions already at the ages of 3-19 y (3,4). In addition to cholesterol, other minor sterols, called noncholesterol sterols, and squalene are also carried by serum lipoproteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Squalene and Noncholesterol Sterols in Serum and Lipoproteins of Children with and without Familial Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Squalene and noncholesterol sterols, e.g. lathosterol and plant sterols, the respective markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption, are transported with cholesterol in serum lipoproteins. Their concentrations and ratios to cholesterol in serum and lipoproteins have not been carefully compared, especially in children and in marked hypercholesterolemia. Thus, we measured these variables with gas-liquid chromatography in 18 children with and 29 without familial hypercholesterolemia, all aged 5-17 y. Concentrations of most noncholesterol sterols were higher in serum, LDL, and intermediate density lipoprotein in the children with than those without familial hypercholesterolemia. Despite accumulation of noncholesterol sterols mainly in LDL (75% in familial hypercholesterolemia and 55% in non-familial hypercholesterolemia, p Ͻ 0.001), their ratios were mostly similar in serum and lipoproteins of the two groups. The ratios of squalene and lathosterol were higher in VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein, whereas in LDL that of lathosterol was lower than the respective serum values in both groups. Absorption marker sterol ratios were highest in HDL in both groups. Thus, even though the ratios of noncholesterol sterols to cholesterol in serum reflect, in general, synthesis and absorption of cholesterol, their ratios in different lipoproteins could give additional information of cholesterol metabolism. The deranged catabolism of apo B containing LDL increases serum cholesterol levels in FH (1), even already at birth (2), resulting in development of arterial atherosclerotic lesions already at the ages of 3-19 y (3, 4). In addition to cholesterol, other minor sterols, called noncholesterol sterols, and squalene are also carried by serum lipoproteins. The cholesterol precursors squalene, lanosterol and other methyl sterols, and demethyl sterols (⌬ 8 -cholestenol, desmosterol, and lathosterol) reflect cholesterol synthesis (5-7), whereas plant sterols, campesterol and sitosterol, and cholestanol, a metabolite of cholesterol, reflect the efficiency of cholesterol absorption in normal and hyperlipidemic populations (8 -10), including heterozygous adults with FH (11). The values of serum noncholesterol sterols and squalene are, in general, standardized and expressed as ratios to cholesterol (5) to eliminate the influence of varying cholesterol concentrations between different individuals as well as different lipoproteins. However, it is not known how exactly the serum noncholesterol sterol to cholesterol ratios are related to the respective ratios in different lipoproteins, especially in healthy children and those with FH. The measurement of the sterols in lipoproteins are expected to give more accurate information on the release of cholesterol precursors from liver into the circulation and on the reverse traffic mechanism of sterols from tissues through HDL. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate serum and lipoprotein noncholesterol sterol concentrations in markedly hypercholesterolemic children and in con...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Squalene and Noncholesterol Sterols in Serum and Lipoproteins of Children with and without Familial Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, further knowledge about the characteristics and modus operandi of LCAT, it turned out that RCT pathway needs revising and supplementing with other data. Plenty of reviews have dealt with the issue of LCAT and its atherogenic aspects (Glomset 1968, Sodhi et al 1980, Dobiášová 1983, Dobiášová and Frohlich 1999, Jonas 2000, Rousset et al 2009, Rader 2009, Calabresi and Franceschini 2010, Vergeer et al 2010, Rousset et al 2011, Kunnen and Van Eck 2012, Ng 2012, Calabresi et al 2012, Levinson and Wagner 2015, Ossoli et al 2016. Some authors have found a protective effect of LCAT in patients with coronary heart disease (Solajic-Božičević et al 1991, Solajic-Božičević et al 1994, Hovingh et al 2005, Sethi et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherogenic Impact of Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Its Relation to Cholesterol Esterification Rate in HDL (FERHDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] Biomarkers: The Butterfly Effect?

Dobiášová

2017

Physiol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The atherogenic impact and functional capacity of LCAT was studied and discussed over a half century. This review aims to clarify the key points that may affect the final decision on whether LCAT is an anti-atherogenic or atherogenic factor. There are three main processes involving the efflux of free cholesterol from peripheral cells, LCAT action in intravascular pool where cholesterol esterification rate is under the control of HDL, LDL and VLDL subpopulations, and finally the destination of newly produced cholesteryl esters either to the catabolism in liver or to a futile cycle with apoB lipoproteins. The functionality of LCAT substantially depends on its mass together with the composition of the phospholipid bilayer as well as the saturation and the length of fatty acyls and other effectors about which we know yet nothing. Over the years, LCAT puzzle has been significantly supplemented but yet not so satisfactory as to enable how to manipulate LCAT in order to prevent cardiometabolic events. It reminds the butterfly effect when only a moderate change in the process of transformation free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters may cause a crucial turn in the intended target. On the other hand, two biomarkers – FERHDL (fractional esterification rate in HDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] can offer a benefit to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They both reflect the rate of cholesterol esterification by LCAT and the composition of lipoprotein subpopulations that controls this rate. In clinical practice, AIP can be calculated from the routine lipid profile with help of AIP calculator www.biomed.cas.cz/fgu/aip/calculator.php.

show abstract

“…LDL is taken by LDL receptor of peripheral tissue and liver. LDL primarily transfers CEs in plasma to the peripheral tissues where they are hydrolyzed to free cholesterol and then re-esterified [Sodhi et al, 1978].…”

Section: Transport Of Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and Fatty Acid Terminology, Methods of Analysis and Fat Digestion and Metabolism: A Background Review Paper

Ratnayake

Galli²

2009

Ann Nutr Metab

279

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cholesterol Metabolism in Clinical Hyperlipidemias

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Squalene and Noncholesterol Sterols in Serum and Lipoproteins of Children with and without Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Squalene and Noncholesterol Sterols in Serum and Lipoproteins of Children with and without Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Atherogenic Impact of Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Its Relation to Cholesterol Esterification Rate in HDL (FERHDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] Biomarkers: The Butterfly Effect?

Fat and Fatty Acid Terminology, Methods of Analysis and Fat Digestion and Metabolism: A Background Review Paper

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About