Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enhanced bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity

Smet, Ingrid De; Boever, Patrick De; Verstraete, Willy

doi:10.1079/bjn19980030

Cited by 155 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…While the potential positive aspects of BSH activity of the probiotics have been previously discussed (10,36,37,49), other possible negative concerns about BSH activity have also been raised (11,28,51). Recently, Kurdi et al (25) proposed one possible beneficial consequence of BSH activity in bifidobacteria upon investigation of the cholic acid transport and accumulation in some intestinal Bifidobacterium strains, including two B. bifidum strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of a bile salt hydrolase (bsh) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis

2005

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Biochemical characterization of the purified bile salt hydrolase (BSH) from Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 revealed some distinct characteristics not observed in other species of Bifidobacterium. The bsh gene was cloned from B. bifidum, and the DNA flanking the bsh gene was sequenced. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned gene with previously known sequences revealed high homology with BSH enzymes from several microorganisms and penicillin V amidase (PVA) of Bacillus sphaericus. The proposed active sites of PVA were highly conserved, including that of the Cys-1 residue. The importance of the SH group in the N-terminal cysteine was confirmed by substitution of Cys with chemically and structurally similar residues, Ser or Thr, both of which resulted in an inactive enzyme. The transcriptional start point of the bsh gene has been determined by primer extension analysis. Unlike Bifidobacterium longum bsh, B. bifidum bsh was transcribed as a monocistronic unit, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. PCR amplification with the type-specific primer set revealed the high level of sequence homology in their bsh genes within the species of B. bifidum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of a bile salt hydrolase (bsh) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis

2005

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“…Simulated digestive tracts, such as the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem reactor provide a suitable test environment to supplement experimental data on potential therapeutic strategies. For example, De Smet et al (127) determined administration of Lactobacillus to pigs for 4 weeks decreased TC and LDL-cholesterol by 15 and 24 %, respectively. Additionally, TC and LDL-cholesterol reduced a further 18 and 34 % 3 weeks after treatment.…”

Section: Complementing Computational Models With Simulated Digestive mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

et al. 2016

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CVD accounted for 27 % of all deaths in the UK in 2014, and was responsible for 1·7 million hospital admissions in 2013/2014. This condition becomes increasingly prevalent with age, affecting 34·1 and 29·8 % of males and females over 75 years of age respectively in 2011. The dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism with age, often observed as a rise in LDL-cholesterol, has been associated with the pathogenesis of CVD. To compound this problem, it is estimated by 2050, 22 % of the world's population will be over 60 years of age, in culmination with a growing resistance and intolerance to pre-existing cholesterol regulating drugs such as statins. Therefore, it is apparent research into additional therapies for hypercholesterolaemia and CVD prevention is a growing necessity. However, it is also imperative to recognise this complex biological system cannot be studied using a reductionist approach; rather its biological uniqueness necessitates a more integrated methodology, such as that offered by systems biology. In this review, we firstly discuss cholesterol metabolism and how it is affected by diet and the ageing process. Next, we describe therapeutic strategies for hypercholesterolaemia, and finally how the systems biology paradigm can be utilised to investigate how ageing interacts with complex systems such as cholesterol metabolism. We conclude by emphasising the need for nutritionists to work in parallel with the systems biology community, to develop novel approaches to studying cholesterol metabolism and its interaction with ageing.

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“…It has also been shown that probiotics with bile salt hydrolase activity decrease concen trations of liver and serum cholesterol, which is the precursor of bile acids (De Smet et al, 1998). Thus, bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity modifies the entero hepatic circulation of the host.…”

Section: Influence On Intestinal Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic feed additives - effectiveness and expected modes of action

Simon¹,

Jadamus²,

Vahjen³

2001

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

123

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In animal nutrition, probiotics are viable microorganisms used as a feed supplement, which lead to beneficial effects for the host animal. For most species a trend towards improved performance has been reported due to the use of probiotics, but statistically significant improvements of weight gain and of feed conversion are rare, mainly because of variations in the individual reactions of the ani mals. However, reductions of the incidence of diarrhoea were significant in most studies with piglets and calves. In contrast to human nutrition, where Lactobacillus species are common probiotic pro ducts, in animal nutrition Enterococcus spp., Saccharomyces yeast, and spore-forming Bacillus spp. are most frequently used as probiotic microorganisms. Furthermore, in human nutrition long-term effects for lasting health promotion and longevity are sought, but the aims of probiotic supplementa tion in modern animal production are fast effects such as improvement of weight gain and feed conversion. Thus, results from probiotic research in the field of human nutrition are not completely valid for animal nutrition.Although 19 probiotic preparations have received temporary approval in the European Union, their modes of action, which lead to beneficial effects, are only partly known. It is very probable that the impact of probiotics on pathogenic and nonpathogenic intestinal bacteria is of prime importance. However, modifications of microstructures and barrier functions of intestinal tissues as well as reac tions of the immune system seem to be involved in the overall effect, directly or as a consequence of modified bacterial populations. In order to specifically improve probiotics and their application in defined indications, more research is needed to determine their underlying mechanisms.

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Cholesterol lowering in pigs through enhanced bacterial bile salt hydrolase activity

Cited by 155 publications

References 42 publications

Cloning and characterization of a bile salt hydrolase (bsh) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Cloning and characterization of a bile salt hydrolase (bsh) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis

Investigating cholesterol metabolism and ageing using a systems biology approach

Probiotic feed additives - effectiveness and expected modes of action

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