Cholesterol-lowering effects of calcium carbonate in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia

Bell, Larry; Halstenson, Charles E.; Halstenson, Cynthia J.; Macres, Mark; Keane, William F.

doi:10.1001/archinte.152.12.2441

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The level of calcium detected (0.18%) in Afzelia was also low, but would contribute to the concentration of calcium in the diet if used as a thickener. Calcium is very important for strong bone formation, essential for maintaining total body health, needed not just to keep the bones and teeth strong but to ensure proper functioning of muscles, nerves and also needed for blood clot (Bell et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional food content of seed and effects of five different growing media on the seed germination and seedling growth of Afzelia africana SM Caesalpiniaceae

Nzekwe¹,

Ajuziogu²,

Njoku³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Nutritional food content of seed and effect of five different growing media: Top forest soil (TS), sawdust (SD), 2:1 mixture of; TS+SD, TS+composted poultry manure (TS+PM) and 2:1:1 mixture of TS+SD+PM on the seed germination and seedling growth of Afzelia Africana SM Caesalpiniaceae were investigated. Thirteen chemical food nutrients were detected in the species seed. These occurred in varying percentages. The mixed growing media (2:1:1 mixture of TS+SD+PM, 2:1 mixture of TS+SD and TS+PM) consistently had: higher percentages of: water holding capacity and nitrogen than the single media (TS and SD). Shorter periods of initial and final seed germination were achieved when seeds were sown in the mixed growing media than in the single growing media. The highest percentage seed germination (87.4%) was achieved when seeds were sown in 2:1:1 mixture of TS+SD+PM growing medium, while the poorest percentage seed germination (30.5%) was obtained when seeds were sown in the TS growing medium, the control. Comparatively, the mixed media induced higher percentage seed germination responses than the single growing media. After four weeks growth in the nursery, values of seedling growth parameters showed that seedlings grown in the mixed growing media had better growth attributes than seedlings grown for the same period in the single media. The results also showed that the best growth attributes were developed by seedlings grown in 2:1:1 mixture of TS+SD+PM (mean: Seedling height 22.4cm., number of leaves, 22 and mean leaf area 120.6cm2).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional food content of seed and effects of five different growing media on the seed germination and seedling growth of Afzelia africana SM Caesalpiniaceae

Nzekwe¹,

Ajuziogu²,

Njoku³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…The vegetarian diet and calcium carbonate [19] can potentially ameliorate the lipid pattern. However, only the apolipoprotein B plasma levels were significantly reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Severe Chronic Renal Failure Is Corrected by Very-Low Dietary Phosphate Intake and Calcium Carbonate Supplementation

Barsotti

Cupisti

Morelli

et al. 1998

Nephron

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The main purpose of our study was to verify the effect of a very-low-protein, low-phosphorus diet, supplemented with essential amino acids and keto analogues and with calcium carbonate, on circulating levels of intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) in severe chronic renal failure patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, not treated with any vitamin D preparation. To this aim, we shifted 21 chronic uremics (12 males, 9 females; age 56 ± 13 years) with serum creatinine >6.5 mg/dl and i-PTH >150 pg/ml, from a standard low-protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day approximately) to a very-low-protein (0.3 g/kg/day), very-low-phosphorus (5 mg/kg/day) diet supplemented with a mixture of essential amino acids and calcium keto analogues (Ketodiet), calcium carbonate (2–4 g/day), iron, and vitamin B₁₂ preparations. The energy supply of both diets was 30–35 kcal/kg/day. Exclusion criteria were a poor compliance with dietary or supplement prescriptions or signs of autonomic hyperparathyroidism. After 4 ± 2 months of Ketodiet, the i-PTH serum levels decreased by 49% as a mean (from 441 ± 233 to 225 ± 161 pg/ml, p < 0.001); serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased, whereas serum calcium increased. The great reduction of serum and urinary urea demonstrated a good compliance with Ketodiet, and no sign of protein malnutrition was observed. These findings confirm that even in severe chronic uremic patients dietary phosphorus restriction and calcium carbonate supplementation lower i-PTH serum levels. This is one of the goals of the dietary treatment that can be safely achieved, provided good compliance both with the dietary prescriptions and with adequate energy and supplement intakes.

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“…Moreover, no significant changes in body weight were observed in all groups during the study peri od. Additionally, no alterations in drugs potentially af fecting lipid parameters such as antacids and antihyper tensives were attempted [21,22], It has been reported that EPO therapy has beneficial effects on the lipid profile in HD patients [23], Most of our patients were on EPO treat ment at the beginning of the study and only small modifi cations in the doses of EPO were performed throughout the study to maintain the hemoglobin level around 11 g/ dl. Moreover, it should be mentioned that the number of patients on EPO treatment in the two groups (patients switched back to conventional heparin and those continu ing to receive LMWH) was approximately the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Conventional vs. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Lipid Profile in Hemodialysis Patients

Elisaf¹,

Germanos²,

Bairaktari

et al. 1997

Am J Nephrol

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Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death in hemodialysis patients and seems to be related, at least in part, to lipid abnormalities. It has been suggested that in these patients low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is superior to conventional heparin because it causes less side effects and has beneficial effects on lipid parameters. Our study was carried out to examine the long-term effects of the replacement of conventional heparin by LMWH on the lipoprotein profile in a large group of hemodialysis patients. A total of 76 patients aged 15-61 years receiving hemodialysis for 48 (range 10-169) months were studied. In all patients administration of LMWH was introduced in doses of 2,500-5,000 anti-factor Xa units for 12 months. Then, we randomly switched half of the patients back to conventional heparin for another 12 months, while the remaining patients continued to receive LMWH for 12 months. In the whole group of patients the use of LMWH instead of conventional heparin was followed by a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and apoprotein B levels. The continued use of LMWH for another 12 months in half of the patients was followed by a further significant improvement in the lipid profile. In contrast, no significant changes in serum lipid parameters were observed in patients switched back to conventional heparin. In conclusion, the use of LMWH instead of conventional heparin for anticoagulation during hemodialysis is followed by an improvement in lipid profile, which is evident only after long-term treatment.

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Cholesterol-lowering effects of calcium carbonate in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Nutritional food content of seed and effects of five different growing media on the seed germination and seedling growth of Afzelia africana SM Caesalpiniaceae

Nutritional food content of seed and effects of five different growing media on the seed germination and seedling growth of Afzelia africana SM Caesalpiniaceae

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Severe Chronic Renal Failure Is Corrected by Very-Low Dietary Phosphate Intake and Calcium Carbonate Supplementation

Effects of Conventional vs. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin on Lipid Profile in Hemodialysis Patients

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