Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters in Mycoplasma

Argaman, M.; Razin, Shmuel

doi:10.1099/00221287-38-1-153

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Similar high percentages of free cholesterol were observed in other Helicobacter spp., compared with only about 17% free cholesterol in Escherichia coli (16), which clearly shows a selective accumulation of free cholesterol in the helicobacters. Such a selective accumulation of free cholesterol was also observed in some of the parasitic mycoplasmas (2). The reason behind this is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lipid profile of Helicobacter spp.: presence of cholesteryl glucoside as a characteristic feature

et al. 1996

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The lipid and fatty acid profiles of eight Helicobacter spp. (H. nemestrinae, H. acinonyx, H. canis, Helicobacter sp. strain CLO-3, ''H. rappini'' [Flexispira rappini], H. pametensis, Helicobacter sp. strain Bird-B, and Helicobacter sp. strain Bird-C) and the fatty acid profiles of five additional species (H. pylori, H. felis, H. muridarum, H. mustelae, and H. fennelliae) were analyzed and compared. A heterologous fatty acid profile was observed among the Helicobacter spp., and on that basis the species could be divided into two groups. Group A had 19-carbon cyclopropane fatty acid (19:0cyc) and tetradecanoic acid (14:0) as the major fatty acids, and group B characteristically lacked the 19:0cyc and had hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecenoic (18:1) acids as the major fatty acids. The species of group A are primarily gastric colonizers, and those of group B are primarily intestinal colonizers. Seven of the eight species studied showed the unusual and characteristic presence of cholesteryl glucosides (CGs), and most of these seven showed a very large amount (9.7 to 27.4% of the weight of total extractable lipid). The types of CGs and their distribution in different species were as follows: cholesteryl-6-O-acyl-␣-D-glucopyranoside (cholesteryl-6-O-tetradecanoyl-␣-D-glucopyranoside in H. nemestrinae and mainly cholesteryl-6-O-dodecanoyl-␣-D-glucopyranoside in ''H. rappini''), cholesteryl-␣-D-glucopyranoside (H. nemestrinae, H. acinonyx, H. canis, Helicobacter sp. strain CLO-3, and ''H. rappini''), and cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-␣-D-glucopyranoside (H. nemestrinae, H. acinonyx, H. canis, and Helicobacter sp. strain CLO-3). Besides this, we could also detect cholesteryl acyl glucoside in H. acinonyx, cholesteryl glucoside inHelicobacter sp. strains Bird-B and -C, and cholesteryl phosphatidyl glucoside in ''H. rappini'' and Helicobacter sp. strain Bird-C. A selective accumulation of free cholesterol was observed in the neutral lipid fractions. On the basis of the detection of CGs in 11 of the 13 species studied so far, the presence of CGs appears to be a characteristic feature of the genus Helicobacter. In view of this and also because of a simple and rapid detection method described herein, the CGs can be used as a valuable chemotaxonomic marker.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lipid profile of Helicobacter spp.: presence of cholesteryl glucoside as a characteristic feature

et al. 1996

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“…For instance, it is possible that the serum from the inoculated rabbits did not provide a favourable ratio of sterol and phospholipid or fatty acid for the organism (Smith, Lecce & Lynn, 1954;Edward & Freundt, 1956;Smith, 1960;Rodwell, 1963) Another influencing factor may have been the amount of free cholesterol in the 80 Rabbit infusion media for Mycoplasma gallisepticum total. The parasitic mycoplasmas incorporate free cholesterol more readily than the esters (Rodwell, 1963;Argaman & Razin, 1965) and in this work the relative amounts of free and esterified cholesterol were not determined. Further, the presence in rabbit serum of natural inhibitors to the growth of M. gallisepticum might also explain why the organism was more likely to grow in the medium containing the lower percentage of rabbit serum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into rabbit infusion media for the growth ofMycoplasma gallisepticumantigens for inoculation into rabbits

Bradbury

Jordan

1971

J. Hyg.

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“…This accumulation of free cholesterol may have implications for the biosynthesis of the CGs or for the physicochemical properties of the membrane. Such a selective accumulation of free cholesterol in the bacterial lipids is also observed in some of the parasitic mycoplasmas (2).…”

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confidence: 92%

Steryl glycosides: a characteristic feature of the Helicobacter spp.?

et al. 1995

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The lipids of different species of Helicobacter (H. felis, H. muridarum, H. mustelae, H. fennelliae, and H. cinaedi) were studied. Different types of cholesteryl glucosides were found in all of the species studied except H. cinaedi. The isolation of Helicobacter pylori from the human stomach in 1983 (9) and description of the associated pathological changes generated considerable interest in the spiral organisms inhabiting the stomach and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other animals. The outcome of all those studies was the emergence of a new but very widely studied genus named Helicobacter (4).Since the naming of the genus Helicobacter, with H. pylori as the type species, there has been a rapid expansion of the genus; so far 13 species have been named (3,8,16). As there is no suitable and cost-effective animal model for H. pylori infection, the animal models of other helicobacter infections such as those of H. felis and H. mustelae have made significant contributions to the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related pathological states. That is why the helicobacters isolated from non-human sources also have significant importance. For the biochemical characterization of H. pylori, we studied its lipid profile and observed the presence of three types of steryl glycosides (SGs): cholesteryl-6-O-tetradecanoyl-␣-Dglucopyranoside, cholesteryl-␣-D-glucopyranoside, and cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-␣-D-glucopyranoside (6). In the present study the lipids of H. felis, H. muridarum, H. mustelae, H. fennelliae, and H. cinaedi were analyzed to investigate the distribution of different types of lipids. The fatty acid composition of the total lipids of H. felis and H. muridarum is also described for the first time.Bacterial strains and culture conditions. A total of six species of Helicobacter were studied: H. pylori (ATCC 43504), H. felis (ATCC 49179) isolated from a cat, H. muridarum (ATCC 49282 and ST2) isolated from rats, H. mustelae (HM 180 and HM 4298) isolated from ferrets, H. fennelliae (NCTC 11613) isolated from a man, and H. cinaedi (1193) isolated from a hamster. All strains other than H. pylori were obtained through the courtesy of Adrian Lee, School of Microbiology and Immunology, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.All the strains were grown on brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 5% horse blood at 37ЊC under microaerophilic conditions produced with Anaeropack Campylo (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., Tokyo, Japan). For H. muridarum, H. fennelliae, and H. cinaedi, a GasPak Anaerobic System Envelope (BBL, Cockeysville, Md.) was used without a catalyst. For mass culture, the strains were grown in brain heart infusion broth (Difco, Detroit, Mich.) (200 ml in a 500-ml flask) supplemented with 5% horse serum, incubated as described above, and shaken at 100 rpm.Lipid analysis. Lipids were extracted and purified as described previously (6). The presence of different types of lipids was observed by one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on Silica Gel 60 G (Mer...

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Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters in Mycoplasma

Cited by 58 publications

References 24 publications

Lipid profile of Helicobacter spp.: presence of cholesteryl glucoside as a characteristic feature

Lipid profile of Helicobacter spp.: presence of cholesteryl glucoside as a characteristic feature

Investigation into rabbit infusion media for the growth ofMycoplasma gallisepticumantigens for inoculation into rabbits

Steryl glycosides: a characteristic feature of the Helicobacter spp.?

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