Cholera in Haiti and Other Caribbean Regions, 19th Century

Jenson, Deborah; Szabo, Victoria

doi:10.3201/eid1711.110958

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Despite the identification of the source of this introduction, the history of cholera in Hispaniola remains elusive. Epidemic cholera was first reported throughout the Caribbean in the 19 th century, and while outbreaks in Haiti were not documented, the existence of the pathogen in this setting cannot be totally ruled out2. Surveillance of the aquatic environment in Haiti following the 2010 epidemic has identified toxigenic V. cholerae O1 that are clearly derived from the circulating epidemic strain, as well as potentially indigenous non-toxigenic O1 and non-O1/non-O139 strains3456.…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-toxigenic environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 strain from Haiti provides evidence of pre-pandemic cholera in Hispaniola

Azarian

Ali

Johnson

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Vibrio cholerae is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, with environmental toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains serving as a source for recurrent cholera epidemics and pandemic disease. However, a number of questions remain about long-term survival and evolution of V. cholerae strains within these aquatic environmental reservoirs. Through monitoring of the Haitian aquatic environment following the 2010 cholera epidemic, we isolated two novel non-toxigenic (ctxA/B-negative) Vibrio cholerae O1. These two isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing and were investigated through comparative genomics and Bayesian coalescent analysis. These isolates cluster in the evolutionary tree with strains responsible for clinical cholera, possessing genomic components of 6th and 7th pandemic lineages, and diverge from “modern” cholera strains around 1548 C.E. [95% HPD: 1532–1555]. Vibrio Pathogenicity Island (VPI)-1 was present; however, SXT/R391-family ICE and VPI-2 were absent. Rugose phenotype conversion and vibriophage resistance evidenced adaption for persistence in aquatic environments. The identification of V. cholerae O1 strains in the Haitian environment, which predate the first reported cholera pandemic in 1817, broadens our understanding of the history of pandemics. It also raises the possibility that these and similar environmental strains could acquire virulence genes from the 2010 Haitian epidemic clone, including the cholera toxin producing CTXϕ.

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Non-toxigenic environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 strain from Haiti provides evidence of pre-pandemic cholera in Hispaniola

Azarian

Ali

Johnson

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…2 However, epidemic cholera had not been diagnosed in Haiti until the onset of the outbreak in October 2010. 3 During the first 2 years of the outbreak, more than 600,000 cases of cholera were reported, with more than 7,000 deaths. 4 Because of the absence of reported cholera outbreaks in Haiti before 2010, there is little information on the potential presence of toxigenic V. cholerae in surface waters in Haiti beyond detections reported during the acute phase of the 2010 outbreak and an environmental surveillance study performed in the Ouest Department in Haiti.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Surveillance for Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Surface Waters of Haiti

Kahler¹,

Haley²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Epidemic cholera was reported in Haiti in 2010, with no information available on the occurrence or geographic distribution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Haitian waters. In a series of field visits conducted in Haiti between 2011 and 2013, water and plankton samples were collected at 19 sites. Vibrio cholerae was detected using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and direct viable count methods (DFA-DVC). Cholera toxin genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction in broth enrichments of samples collected in all visits except March 2012. Toxigenic V. cholerae was isolated from river water in 2011 and 2013. Whole genome sequencing revealed that these isolates were a match to the outbreak strain. The DFA-DVC tests were positive for V. cholerae O1 in plankton samples collected from multiple sites. Results of this survey show that toxigenic V. cholerae could be recovered from surface waters in Haiti more than 2 years after the onset of the epidemic.

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“…Although the Caribbean has seen a number of outbreaks since the nineteenth century, no records indicate that Vibrio cholerae ever hit Haiti until 2010 (Jenson, Szabo, 2011), when the country suffered its first outbreak because members of the Nepalese military with the MINUSTAH force brought the infection from their own country and spread the Vibrio in one of the main rivers in the department of Artibonite. The situation was aggravated by administrative havoc in the aftermath of the earthquake.…”

Section: The Sus and Haitians In Manausmentioning

confidence: 99%

A inclusão dos migrantes internacionais nas políticas do sistema de saúde brasileiro: o caso dos haitianos no Amazonas

Santos

2016

Hist. cienc. saude-Manguinhos

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Resumo A partir do enfoque etnográfico sobre as redes sociais articuladas em torno da questão do imigrante no Amazonas, o artigo reflete sobre como o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) respondeu às demandas colocadas por um contingente inesperado de novos usuários, tendo em vista os princípios doutrinários que lhe dão sustentação, especialmente o da equidade. O foco é a onda de imigração haitiana rumo ao Brasil, iniciada em fevereiro de 2010 pelos estados fronteiriços da região Norte: Acre, Rondônia e Amazonas, concentrando-se neste último, descrevendo alguns aspectos do período mais crítico da imigração (entre março de 2010 e março de 2012) e sua recepção pelo SUS.

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Cholera in Haiti and Other Caribbean Regions, 19th Century

Abstract: Epidemic cholera did not occur in Haiti before 2010.

Cited by 54 publications

References 11 publications

Non-toxigenic environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 strain from Haiti provides evidence of pre-pandemic cholera in Hispaniola

Non-toxigenic environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 strain from Haiti provides evidence of pre-pandemic cholera in Hispaniola

Environmental Surveillance for Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in Surface Waters of Haiti

A inclusão dos migrantes internacionais nas políticas do sistema de saúde brasileiro: o caso dos haitianos no Amazonas

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