Cholera and Pancreatic Cholera: Is VIP the Common Pathophysiologic Factor?

Afroze, Farzana; Bloom, S R; Bech, Paul; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Sarker, Shafiqul Alam; Clemens, John D.; Islam, Farhana; Nalin, David R.

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed5030111

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…29–30) agreed with Jaehnichen and others that cholera was an affliction of the symphatique or “pneumo-gastrique nerve”. Here again is an ironic and seemingly prescient but totally unrelated idea which in modern times has emerged as a role for the nervous system and gut hormones in choleragenesis [ 25 ]. The chance use of seemingly prescient but actually unrelated descriptive phrases often suggests ideas that the authors could not have understood as we do today.…”

Section: Rudolf Hermann and Friedrich Jaehnichenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Intravenous and Oral Rehydration and Maintenance Therapy of Cholera and Non-Cholera Dehydrating Diarrheas: A Deconstruction of Translational Medicine: From Bench to Bedside?

Nalin¹

2022

TropicalMed

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The “bench to bedside” (BTB) paradigm of translational medicine (TM) assumes that medical progress emanates from basic science discoveries transforming clinical therapeutic models. However, a recent report found that most published medical research is false due, among other factors, to small samples, inherent bias and inappropriate statistical applications. Translation-blocking factors include the validity (or lack thereof) of the underlying pathophysiological constructs and related therapeutic paradigms and adherence to faulty traditional beliefs. Empirical discoveries have also led to major therapeutic advances, but scientific dogma has retrospectively retranslated these into the BTB paradigm. A review of the history of intravenous (I.V.) and oral therapy for cholera and NDDs illustrates some fallacies of the BTB model and highlights pitfalls blocking translational and transformative progress, and retro-translational factors, including programmatic modifications of therapeutic advances contradicting therapeutic paradigms and medical economic factors promoting more expensive and profitable medical applications inaccessible to resource-limited environments.

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Section: Rudolf Hermann and Friedrich Jaehnichenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Intravenous and Oral Rehydration and Maintenance Therapy of Cholera and Non-Cholera Dehydrating Diarrheas: A Deconstruction of Translational Medicine: From Bench to Bedside?

Nalin¹

2022

TropicalMed

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“…A prospective study on 23 cholera patients found vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) normal in plasma (≤30 pmol/L), but very high in stool water (mean 208 pmol/L), the latter significantly associated with duration of hospitalization and stool volume ( P < 0.05). The authors discuss a theoretical approach by locally modulating VIP in cholera [2 ▪ ].…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious diseases affecting the small bowel – what not to miss

Keuchel

Bota²,

Baltes³

2021

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of review This review summarizes infectious diseases involving the small bowel (SB) with a focus on recent literature related to diagnosis and pathophysiology. Recent findings Typical symptom for SB infections is diarrhea, mostly self-limiting. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan parasites, and helminths. Host–pathogen interaction is of special interest in infections with potentially severe or prolonged course. Research uses increasingly enterocyte cell culture systems. SARS-CoV2 can also infect enterocytes via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and causes gastrointestinal complaints in some patients. Chronic SB infections as tuberculosis, Cytomegalovirus, or Epstein–Barr virus have to be differentiated from Crohn's and other diseases. Severe rare fungal and protozoan parasitic infections can cause relevant morbidity in immunocompromised patients. Soil-transmitted helminthic infections are a special issue in endemic areas. Summary Many infections involve the SB, typically causing mild and self-limiting diarrhea. Symptomatic therapy, hygiene, and isolation are the mainstay of management. However, some patients develop severe or chronic disease. Immunosuppression is a major cause for severe, but also for rare opportunistic systemic infections that can also affect the SB.

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“…No mass screening of compounds likely to have such efficacy has been undertaken despite an abundance of potential candidates. Recent advances in cholera pathophysiology, such as confirmation of the role of VIP in human cholera [ 4 ], suggest a number of potential high-value targets which merit inclusion in such a screening program in animal models leading to clinical trials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%