Cholecystokinin Expression in the Development of Postinfarction Heart Failure

Abstract

Background/Aims: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is expressed in cardiomyocytes and may also play an important role in cardiovascular regulation. Clinical studies have shown that plasma CCK levels are an independent marker of cardiovascular mortality in cardiac disease. However, whether the development of postinfarction heart failure is associated with changes in CCK expression is unknown. Methods: To investigate CCK expression patterns and the association between CCK expression and heart functional parameters, we randomized male Sprague-Dawley rats into myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation (SO) groups. CCK expression levels were assessed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points (2, 4 or 6 weeks) after surgery. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were determined using Western blotting and ELISA, myocardial morphology was assessed by microscopy. Results: Plasma CCK and BNP levels were significantly increased in all the MI groups compared with the corresponding SO groups. However, the degree to which myocardial CCK mRNA and protein expression levels were increased the MI groups compared with the SO groups was greater in the 4- and 6-week groups than in the 2-week group. Furthermore, plasma CCK levels were positively correlated with BNP concentrations and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) and significantly negatively correlated with the ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF) in model animals. Conclusions: Heart failure progression after infarction is associated with upregulated CCK levels; thus, CCK may be useful as a novel marker of heart failure.

The Relationship of Appetite-Regulating Hormones in the Development of Cardiac Cachexia

“…16) Therefore, we speculate that upregulated CCK may have autocrine or paracrine effects in the pathogenesis of heart failure. 33) In this study, we also observed that ghrelin expression decreased in myocardium as well as the expression of its plasma levels. It is in conflict with the previous studies, in which ghrelin was elevated in cachectic patients with CHF.…”

Input-output signal processing plasticity of vagal motorneurons in response to cardiac ischemic injury

“…Coupled with the coordinated upregulation of Cacna1b, Cacna1d, Cck, Gabra1, and Gabra2 the pictures is painted less of a neuron and more of an enteroendocrine cell, like a pancreatic β/δ cells or colonic L/I cells [65][66][67] . Canonical satiety peptides (CCK, GLP-1, SST, etc) have a protective effect on peripheral organs in the setting of ischemic damage at the heart 36,[68][69][70][71][72][73] . That the DMV may deliver peptides directly to postganglionic neurons in the periphery adds dimension to the concept of vagal tone as a mediator of health and disease.…”

Gümüş Nanopartiküllerinin Üzüm Çekirdeği Ekstraktının Endotoksik Kalp Dokusundaki Histolojik Değişiklere ve TNF-α ve BNP Ekspresyonuna Etkisi

“…BNP'nin ekspresyonu, Western blotlama ve gerçek zamanlı RT-PCR ile kardiyak disfonksiyonun artan zamanı ile anlamlı bir artış sağlamıştır. Dong ve arkadaşları [45] tarafından yapılan çalışmada BNP düzeyleri serumda ELISA metodu ile ölçülmüştür. Kontrol grubuna kıyasla MI gruplarında BNP düzeyleri önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur.…”