“…Thus, they use drain age only in those patients whose conditions indicate a need for it: acute cholecystitis, empyema, gangrene, per foration of the gallbladder, abscess formation, gross spillage of bile or infected material, common bile duct exploration, simultaneous performance of other intraab dominal procedures, incomplete hemostasis, evidence of bile leakage, injury and nonclosure of the gallbladder bed, pancreatitis, adhesions, inexperienced surgeon, or needle cholangiography of the common bile duct [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. There is indeed evidence that drains after elective chole cystectomy do increase the incidence of some postopera tive complications such as wound infections, fever, and respiratory problems and have some economic disad vantages [1,2,5,[7][8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], But this has not been proven unequivocally in strictly comparable patient groups. All retrospective studies may have been biased in the sense that the more complicated cases were drained [20].…”