Cholangiocarcinoma and Oral Contraceptives

Littlewood, E R

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90804-1

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The oral contraceptive pill has also been implicated in the development of cholangiocarcinoma19 20 although case control studies have failed to substantiate an increased risk 21. The time period when oral contraceptives became widely available in England and Wales and the age groups involved with increased mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma do not entirely match 22…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in England and Wales 1968–1998

Taylor‐Robinson

Toledano

Arora

et al. 2001

Gut

356

220

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Background-The age standardised mortality rate per 100 000 population for all causes of liver tumours (International Classification of Disease 9 (ICD-9) 155) has almost doubled in England and Wales during the period 1979-1996. We further analysed the mortality statistics to determine which anatomical subcategories were involved. Methods-Mortality statistics for liver tumours of ICD-9 155, 156, and subcategories, and for tumours of the pancreas (ICD-9 157), in England and Wales were investigated from the OYce for National Statistics, London, from 1968 to 1996 inclusive. Data for 1997 and 1998 were also available on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Results-There has been a marked rise in age standardised mortality rates for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Since 1993, it represents the commonest recorded cause of liver tumour related death in England and Wales. This is evident in age groups older than 45 years. In contrast, mortality trends from other primary liver tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma, were unremarkable. Conclusions-The observed increase in mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma may represent better case ascertainment and diagnosis due to improved diagnostic imaging, use of image guided biopsies, or increased use of ERCP. However, the trend started before ERCP was introduced nationally, mortality rates have continued to increase steadily thereafter, and there is no clear evidence that diagnostic transfers easily explains the findings. Alternatively, these observations may represent a true increase in intrahepatic bile duct tumours. Epidemiological studies are required to determine whether there is any geographical clustering of cases around the UK. (Gut 2001;48:816-820)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in England and Wales 1968–1998

Taylor‐Robinson

Toledano

Arora

et al. 2001

Gut

356

220

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“…CCC has also been reported to occur in women on oral contraceptive steroids (34,35), in men on anabolic/androgenic agents (36) and in patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (37), but the etiological significance is unclear. With the exception of one patient who was exposed to Thorotrast 40 years prior to diagnosis, none of these factors were identified in patients with CCC in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Etiologic Aspects and Clinicopathologic Features in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma: A Study of 51 Cases From a Low-Endemicity Area

Kaczynski

Hansson²,

Wallerstedt³

1998

Acta Oncologica

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“…Several examples of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma [log, 15 11 and cholangiocarcinoma [18,75,92] have been reported in women on C.S. One cholangiocarcinoma developed in a patient on A.S. therapy [143].…”

Section: Miscellaneous Malignant Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%