Cholangiocarcinoma

Razumilava, Nataliya; Gores, Gregory J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61903-0

Cited by 1,422 publications

(1,362 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…4,24 The intraductal papillary tumors are usually well differentiated and demonstrate favorable prognosis. 3 Proper staging is paramount to determine the appropriate surgical approach. The Bismouth-Corlette (BC) classification is commonly used to describe the location and extend of PCC: 1) Type I: below the confluence of the hepatic ducts within 2 cm of the hilum, 2) Type II: at the confluence of the hepatic ducts, 3) Types IIIa and IIIb: involving the right and left hepatic ducts respectively and obstructing the common hepatic duct, and 4) Type IV: multi-centric or bilateral intrahepatic involvement or involvement of both hepatic ducts.…”

Section: Perihilar Cholangiocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive management of cholangiocarcinoma: Part I. Diagnosis

Papafragkakis

Lee

2017

Int J Gastrointest Interv

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A B S T R A C TCholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Classification and staging of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinomas provide useful prognostic information and further guide in their management. Establishing diagnosis is frequently challenging and may require a multi-modality approach that includes advanced radiological imaging studies and procedures for tissue acquisition; the endoscopic procedures that have been utilized in the management of cholangiocarcinoma comprise endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brushing and biopsy, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, cholangioscopy with targeted biopsy, and intraductal confocal endomicroscopy. In this review, we will examine the strengths and limitations of each diagnostic tool and assess the serum and bile tumor markers.

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Section: Perihilar Cholangiocarcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive management of cholangiocarcinoma: Part I. Diagnosis

Papafragkakis

Lee

2017

Int J Gastrointest Interv

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“…The prognosis is, therefore, extremely poor, and survival rate is 5-10 % [5,6]. Surgical treatments are the only ones that offer curative options; however, due to the late diagnosis, these are not applicable to the vast majority of patients [5,11,52]. In the case of surgical resection of CC, this aims to perform a complete excision with negative margins.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholangiocarcinoma: from molecular biology to treatment

et al. 2015

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Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare tumor originating in the bile ducts, which, according to their anatomical location, is classified as intrahepatic, extrahepatic and hilar. Nevertheless, incidence rates have increased markedly in recent decades. With respect to tumor biology, several genetic alterations correlated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been identified. Here, we highlight changes in KRAS and TP53 genes that are normally associated with a more aggressive phenotype. Also IL-6 and some proteins of the BCL-2 family appear to be involved in the resistance that the cholangiocarcinoma presents toward conventional therapies. With regard to diagnosis, tumor markers most commonly used are CEA and CA 19-9, and although its use isolated appears controversial, their combined value has been increasingly advocated. In imaging terms, various methods are needed, such as abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography and cholangiopancreatography. Regarding therapy, surgical modalities are the only ones that offer chance of cure; however, due to late diagnosis, most patients cannot take advantage of them. Thus, the majority of patients are directed to other therapeutic modalities like chemotherapy, which, in this context, assumes a purely palliative role. Thus, it becomes urgent to investigate new therapeutic options for this highly aggressive type of tumor.

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“…Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer arising from the epithelium of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts caused by the malignant transformation of hepatic biliary cholangiocytes [1,2]. Cholangiocarcinoma can occur anywhere from the small peripheral hepatic ducts to the distal common bile duct [2].…”

Section: Introduction Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging therapies for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Turbeville

Hornfeldt²,

Javle

et al. 2017

Int J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer arising from the epithelium of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Cholangiocarcinoma often has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and the incidence and mortality rate of intrahepatic CCA appear to be increasing. Current therapies include surgical resection, orthotopic liver transplantation, chemotherapy/ chemoradiation and palliative care. Depending on the location, the 5-year survival for CCA ranges from 27-60%. Emerging new therapies are currently being developed for treating CCA include immunotherapy, altering the tumor microenvironment, targeting growth factor gene mutations and signal pathways and that control tumor growth, and targeting gene therapy. The objective of this paper is to summarize the research that is currently ongoing for treating this challenging disease.

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Cholangiocarcinoma

Cited by 1,422 publications

References 140 publications

Comprehensive management of cholangiocarcinoma: Part I. Diagnosis

Comprehensive management of cholangiocarcinoma: Part I. Diagnosis

Cholangiocarcinoma: from molecular biology to treatment

Emerging therapies for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

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