Choices favoring cognitive effort in a foraging environment decrease when multiple forms of effort and delay are interleaved

Toro-Serey, Claudio; Kane, Gary A; McGuire, Joseph T.

doi:10.3758/s13415-021-00972-z

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…Human and animal research suggests that cognitive and physical effort decisions are controlled by shared neural populations (Borderies et al, 2020;Bornert & Bouret, 2021;Chong et al, 2017;Lopez-Gamundi et al, 2021;Schmidt et al, 2012). Cognitive and physical fatigue seem to interact (Giboin & Wolff, 2019;Marcora et al, 2009) and intermixing choices about cognitive and physical effort affects choices for both effort types (Toro-Serey et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effort Foraging Task reveals positive correlation between individual differences in the cost of cognitive and physical effort in humans

Bustamante

Oshinowo

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Effort-based decisions, in which people weigh potential future rewards against effort costs required to achieve those rewards, have largely been studied separately for cognitive or physical effort, yet most real world actions incur both cognitive and physical effort costs. What is the relationship between cognitive and physical effort costs? Here we attempt to formalize the mechanisms underlying effort-based decisions and address methodological challenges to isolate and measure the factors contributing to such decisions (including sensitivity to reward and effort costs). Patch foraging is an ecologically valid reward rate maximization problem with well developed theoretical tools to understand choices. We developed the Effort Foraging Task to isolate and quantify the cost of both cognitive and physical effort using a computational model. We embedded cognitive or physical effort costs into a patch foraging sequential decision task. Participants chose between harvesting a depleting patch, or traveling to a new patch that was costly in time and effort. Participants' exit thresholds (reflecting the reward they expected to receive by harvesting when they chose to travel to a new patch) were sensitive to cognitive and physical effort demands, allowing us to quantify the perceived effort cost in monetary terms. Individual differences in cognitive and physical effort costs were positively correlated, suggesting that these are perceived and processed in common terms across different domains. We found patterns of correlation of both cognitive and physical effort costs with self-reported cognitive function, anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. This suggests that our task captures decision mechanisms closely associated with real-world motivation, and can be used to study individual variation in effort-based decisions across different domains of cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effort Foraging Task reveals positive correlation between individual differences in the cost of cognitive and physical effort in humans

Bustamante

Oshinowo

Lee

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effort Foraging Task reveals positive correlation between individual differences in the cost of cognitive and physical effort in humans

Bustamante,

Oshinowo,

Lee

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Effort-based decisions, in which people weigh potential future rewards against effort costs required to achieve those rewards involve both cognitive and physical effort, though the mechanistic relationship between them is not yet understood. Here, we use an individual differences approach to isolate and measure the computational processes underlying effort-based decisions and test the association between cognitive and physical domains. Patch foraging is an ecologically valid reward rate maximization problem with well-developed theoretical tools. We developed the Effort Foraging Task, which embedded cognitive or physical effort into patch foraging, to quantify the cost of both cognitive and physical effort indirectly, by their effects on foraging choices. Participants chose between harvesting a depleting patch, or traveling to a new patch that was costly in time and effort. Participants’ exit thresholds (reflecting the reward they expected to receive by harvesting when they chose to travel to a new patch) were sensitive to cognitive and physical effort demands, allowing us to quantify the perceived effort cost in monetary terms. The indirect sequential choice style revealed effort-seeking behavior in a minority of participants (preferring high over low effort) that has apparently been missed by many previous approaches. Individual differences in cognitive and physical effort costs were positively correlated, suggesting that these are perceived and processed in common. We used canonical correlation analysis to probe the relationship of task measures to self-reported affect and motivation, and found correlations of cognitive effort with anxiety, cognitive function, behavioral activation, and self-efficacy, but no similar correlations with physical effort.

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Choices favoring cognitive effort in a foraging environment decrease when multiple forms of effort and delay are interleaved

Cited by 2 publications

References 77 publications

Effort Foraging Task reveals positive correlation between individual differences in the cost of cognitive and physical effort in humans

Effort Foraging Task reveals positive correlation between individual differences in the cost of cognitive and physical effort in humans

Effort Foraging Task reveals positive correlation between individual differences in the cost of cognitive and physical effort in humans

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